16th-century Kaqchikel Maya chronicle (composed c. 1560-1583, continued by later hands), Brinton's English edition published 1885 · Daniel G. Brinton (ed. and trans.), The Annals of the Cakchiquels (Library of Aboriginal American Literature No. VI, 1885) · Public domain (US; published 1885) · uncorrected OCR — being verified against the scan
Paragraphs 1
our earliest fathers and ancestors, those who begot men
of old, before the hills and plains here were inhabited ;
then only rabbits and birds were here, they say, when
they took possession of the hills and plains, they, our
fathers and ancestors from Tulan, oh my children.
2. And I shall write the sayings of our earliest fathers
and ancestors, Gagavitz the name of one, Zactecauh the
name of the other ; and these are the sayings they spake
as we came from the other side of the sea, from the land
of Tulan, where we were brought forth and begotten by
our mothers and our fathers, oh my children, as said of
old the fathers, the ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh
by name, the two heroes who came from Tulan and
begot us, the Xahila.
3. These are the names of the houses and clans of
Gekaquch, Bagahola and Cibakihay. i. Qatun and
Ohutiah by name, begat Bagahola. 2. Tzanat and
Guguchom by name, begat those of Gekaquch. 3. The
chief Daqui and the chief Ghahom begat those of Cibaki-
hay. Thus we were four clans when we came from
Tulan, we, the Cakchiquel people, as we are told, oh my
children. Those of Cavek, Totomay and Xurcah by
name, also married and begat ; also those of Quehay,
Loch and Xet by name, married and begat; those of
Pak, Telom, Qoxahil and Qobakil by name, also married
and begat; and also those of Ykomag married; and
these four divisions which thus married are the tribes
so-called.
ruma ka tee ka tata quecha.
quiquel ru tiohil xux, quecha e nabey ka tata ka mama,
xpe vi ruma tiuh tiuh ru quiquel tixli cumatz xoc
ru banic vinak rij, quere navipe rubanic chay abah ri
4. These are the sayings of Gagavitz and Zactecauh,
and these are the very words which Gagavitz and
Zactecauh spoke : " Four men came from Tulan ; at the
sunrise is one Tullan, and one is at Xibalbay, and one is
at the sunset ; and we came from this one at the sunset ;
and one is where is God. Therefore there are four Tulans,
they say, oh our sons ; from the sunsetting we came,
from Tullan, from beyond the sea ; and it was at Tullan
that arriving we were brought forth, coming we were
produced, by our mothers and our fathers, as they say.
5. "And now is brought forth the Obsidian Stone by
the precious Xibalbay, the glorious Xibalbay, and man
is made by the Maker, the Creator ; the Obsidian Stone
was his sustainer, when man was made in misery, and
when man was formed ; he was fed with wood, he was
fed with leaves ; he wished only the earth ; he could not
speak, he could not walk ; he had no blood, he had no
flesh; 'so say our fathers, our ancestors, oh you my sons.
Nothing was found to feed him ; at length somethmg
was found to feed him. Two brutes knew that the*
was food in the place called Paxil, where these brutes
were, the Coyote and the Crow by name. Even in the
refuse of maize it was found, when the brute Coyote was
killed as he was separating his maize, and was searching
for bread to knead, (killed) by the brute Tiuh Tiuh by
name ; and the blood of the serpent and the tapir was
brought from within the sea by means pf Tiuh Tiuh, with
which the maize was to be kneaded ; the flesh of man
was formed of it by the Maker, the Creator ; and well
did they, the Maker and the Creator, know him who was
born, him who was begotten ; they made man as he was
made, they formed man as they made him, so they telly
There were thirteen men, fourteen women ; they talked,
they walked, they had blood, they had flesh. They mar-
ried, and one had two wives. , Therefore the race cop-
ulated, this race of old, as they tell, oh our sons. They
brought forth daughters, they brought forth sons, those
first men. Thus men were made, and thus the Obsidian
Stone was made, for the enclosure of Tullan ; thus we
ah rikan ok xpe pa Tulla.
came to where the Zotzils were at the gates of Tullan ;
arriving we were born, coming we were produced, coming
we gave the tribute, in the darkness, in the night, oh our
sons." Thus spoke Gagavitz and Zactecauh, oh my
sons, and what they said has not been forgotten. They
are our great ancestors ; these are the words with which
they encouraged us of old.
6. Then we were ordered to come by our mothers and
fathers, we the thirteen divisions and the seven tribes,
the thirteen divisions of warriors; and we came to Tulan
in the darkness and the night, and coming gave our
tribute ; they took tribute from the warriors of the seven
tribes ; they were drawn up in order on the left of Tulan
where were the people of the seven tribes ; on the
right-hand of Tulan were arranged the warriors. First
the tribute was taken from the seven tribes, next the
tribute was taken from the warriors. But it was only
jade and silver, and green feathers worked and sewed
together, together with articles painted and articles
sculptured, and for gifts, flutes, songs, astrological calen-
dars and reckoning calendars, fine and common cacao ;
only such riches were paid in Tulan, and the only riches
the warriors bore from Tulan were their bows, their
bucklers and their rounded shields.
7. Then to our mothers and fathers it was commanded
and said : " You, my sons, you, my daughters, these are
your burdens which you shall sustain and maintain." So
spoke the Obsidian Stone. " There are your hills and
plains ; there, beyond the ocean, are your hills and plains,
oh you my sons, there it is that you shall lift up your
faces. These are the burdens which I shall give you,
your riches, your majesty;" thus it was said to the thir-
teen divisions, the seven tribes, to the thirteen divisions
of warriors, and then was given them the wood and stone
which deceive ; as they descended from Tulan and Xibal-
bay, were given to them the wood and stone (idols), as
related those our first fathers and ancestors Gagavitz
and Zactecauh. These, in truth, were their burdens, and
these were their very words.
pe ronohel.
8. They say that the seven tribes arrived first at
Tulan, and we the warriors followed, having- taken up the
tributes of all the seven tribes when the gate of Tulan
was opened.
9. The Tzutuhils were the first of the seven tribes
who finished coming to Tulan, and then we the warriors
came, as they say. Then it was said to our fathers and
mothers, then we were commanded : " Oh, you, you my
daughters, you my sons, I shall give you your riches,
your majesty, I shall give you your distinction, your
sovereignty, your canopy, your royal throne ; because
you have carried the rounded shield as your riches, the
bow, the buckler, the feathers, the war paint. If you
have paid as tribute jade, silver, feather stuffs, if you
have paid articles painted, articles sculptured, astrological
calendars, reckoning calendars, flute songs, songs hated
of you because the seven tribes paid this tribute, yet
you shall in turn take it, you shall receive more than
others, you shall lift up your face. I shall not give you
their sovereignty, of which you have borne the burden ;
truly their fortune is great ; do not hate them ; also do
you be great, with wealth of rounded shields. Sleep not,
sit not, my daughters, my sons, I will give you the
power, to you the seven rulers, in equal shares, and your
bows, your bucklers, your majesty, your power, your sove-
reignty, your canopy, your royal seat; these are your first
treasures." Thus it was spoken to the Quiche men, when
the thirteen divisions of warriors arrived at Tulan. And
first came the Quiche men ; they acquitted themselves of
their tribute in the first month ; then arrived their com-
panions one after another, by their families, their clans,
their tribes, their divisions, in sequence, and the war-
riors, until the whole of them had finished arriving in
Tulan.
10. Those of Rabinal came, the Zotzil men came, the
Tukuchee came, the Tuhalahay, the Vuchabahay, the
Ahqhumilahay, the Lamagi came, the Cumatz, the men
oxlahuh chi ahlabal ri oh Bacah Pokoh, Bacah Xahil :
xoh pe ri oh Bacah Xahil, que cha ri e ka tata, ka mama,
vinak, kitzih vi chi xambey chic xoh peul pa TuUan,
chinamit.
tzuku hee xucheex pe ri chee abah Belehe Toh ru bi ; ri
ucheex pe, quecha.
of Akahal came, the Tucuru ended it ; and thus all are
given. After that came thirteen warriors, we the Bacah
Pokoh, and the Bacah Xahil ; one of us went first, and one
followed after; the first Bacah was Bacah Pok, who went
first, and we followed after, we the Bacah Xahil, as was
said' by our first fathers, our ancestors, oh you our sons.
Already the seven villages had come, and some time
after began the coming of the warriors. — Then we came,
we the Cakchiquel men. Truly, we were the last, as we
arrived at Tulan, and there was not another remaining
when we came, as said Gagavitz and Zactecauh ; we were
ordered to come thus : " These are your houses, these
your clans;" they said to Gekaquch, Baqahol, and
Cibakihay : " These are your head chiefs, even one head
chief, and one official messenger;" thus they said to
Gekaquch, Baqahol, and Cibakihay. " Bring forth daugh-
ters, bring forth sons, marry one another, ye rulers," said
they. Therefore those were mothers and ancestors. But
the first, the first came the Cibakihay, then came the
Baqahol, and then came the Gekaquch, the first clans.
- II. Thus, therefore, came we, the rulers, and then we
were ordered by our mothers and fathers : " Go, my
daughters, go, my sons, your houses, your clans, have
departed. Not thus shalt thou always follow, thou, the
youngest son ; truly, great shall be thy fortune, and thou
shalt be maintained, as is said by the idols called, the
one, Belehe Toh, the other Hun Tihax, to whom we say
each pays tribute," as is related.
12. Then they put on their bows, their shields, their
lances, their feathers, and their paint, given (as a defence)
against the bugs, the dirt, the boding owls, the blackness,
the rain, the fogs, the clouds; then we were commanded :
" Great shall be your burden ; sleep not, sit not, be not
cast down, you, my sons ; you shall be rich, you shall be
powerful ; let your rounded shields be your riches, your
bows, your bucklers. If you have given as tribute jade,
silver, feather work, hated songs, on that account they
xohpe ul pa Tullan.
chicop chahalcivan ru bi chu chi Tullan, ok xohelpe pa
tux, xoh cha can chire ri chicop, quecha.
quixcam ; xoh cha chire ri chicop, mani tabijh xaat retal
shall be given you ; you shall receive more than others ;
you shall lift up your face ; for jade, silver, painted
articles, engraved articles, all the seven nations have paid
as tribute; but there, in those hills you shall lift up your
faces, there is a refuge for all of you, there you shall lift
up your faces, your bows, your bucklers. One shall be
your first chief, and one his junior, of you the thirteen
warriors, you the thirteen princes, you the thirteen equal
chiefs, to whom I shall give the bows and bucklers. Soon
you shall lift up your face and have your burden, your
bows and bucklers ; there is war there toward the east,
at the place called Zuyva ; there you shall go, there is
the place for your bucklers which I shall give you, you
indeed, you my sons." So it was spoken to us when we
came to Tullan, before the warriors of the seven villages ;
and when we arrived at Tullan, truly our coming was
terrifying, with our accompaniments against the bugs,
the dirt, the clouds, the fogs, the mud, the darkness, the
rain, when we entered Tulan.
13. And soon the divination began with them. A bird
called " the guard of the ravine," began to complain
within the gate of Tulan, as we were going forth from
Tulan. " You shall die, you shall be lost, I am your
portent," said this brute to us. " Do you not believe me ?
Truly your state shall be a sad one." Thus spake to us
this brute, as is related.
14. Then another bird called " the owl," seated on a
red tree, complained and said thus : " I am your portent,"
he said. " You are not our portent, although you would
like to be," we answered this owl. Such were the
messengers who gave them their idols, said our fathers,
our ancestors of old. Then another bird called the
parroquet complained in the sky, and said : " I am your
portent ; ye shall die." But we said to the brute, " Do
not speak thus ; you are but the sign of spring. You
wail first when it is spring ; when the rain ceases, you
wail." Thus we spoke to him.
conohel.
pa Tullan.
15. Then we arrived at the sea coast. There were
gathered together the warriors of all the seven villages
at the sea. A great number perished, devoured by sorrow.
" There is no means of passing, nor is it told of any one
who has passed the sea," said all the warriors of the
seven villages, " Who can, who will find means to pass
the sea ? In thee alone, my brother, in thee alone have
we hope," said they all. We said to them, " You may
go on ; you may be first. Who will find the means of
crossing, while we are here ? " All of us spoke thus,
and then all of them said : " Have pity on us, our brother,
since we are all stretched on the shore of the ocean with-
out seeing our hills and plains. As soon as we were
asleep, we were conquered, we the two oldest sons, we
the chiefs and guides of the warriors of the seven villages,
oh my brother. Would that we had passed, and could
see the burdens given us by our mothers and fathers,
oh my brother ! " So they spoke. At that time the
Quiche nation had increased. Our ancestors, Gagavitz
and Zactecauh, said : " We said to them, ' we suffer
also, our brother, we do not live stretched out on the
shore of the ocean, where we cannot see our mountains
where they are, as you say, oh you warriors, you people of
the seven villages. We shall pass over at once. Thus
we spoke ; and soon all of them rejoiced.' "
16. Now there was a red tree, our staff, which we had
taken in passing from the gate of Tulan, and therefore
we are called the Cakchiquel people, oh our sons, said
Gagavitz and Zactecauh. The root of this, our staff, was
pushed into the sand of the sea, and soon the sea was
separated from the sand, and for this the red tree served
which we brought from Tulan. Soon the sand was as a
line, and we passed out ; it became wide above the sea
and below the sea. Then all rejoiced, when they saw
sand in the sea, and many counseled together. " There
indeed is our hope, we must, gather together on these
first lands," they said ; " here only can we arrange our-
selves since leaving Tulan."
xeapon chic chuvi huyu Valval Xucxuc ru bi xeuxlan
chivi ; xemolo chi na quij xeel chi ri xe apon chica chuvi
huyu Tapcu Oloman ru bi.
cayupil.
17. They rushed forth and passed across the sand, and
following one another we came to the shore of the sea,
and we arrived at the edge of the water. Then all the
seven villages began to fear, and all the warriors spoke,
and then the seven tribes spoke : " Do you not see our
burdens ? Yet it is not long since we lifted up our
faces with you, ye rulers, ye warriors ; did we not come
from the sun rising with you, that we might seek our hills
and valleys ? Have you not seen the burden, the green
feathers, the garlands ? " So spake the seven tribes, and
commanded and said, " It is well," and the seven tribes
took counsel what to do. Afterwards they went on to
the place Deogacvancu ; and then they all went on to
another place called Meahauh. There many gathered
together; having thus arrived at Meahauh, they thence
departed for the place called Valval Xucxuc, and there
they rested. There many gathered together, and depart-
ing they arrived at the place called Tapcu Oloman.
18. Then all gathered together there, and we took
counsel there, said our fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz
and Zactecauh ; and it was after we had arrived there
that we first unloosed our burdens. All the warriors said :
" Whom shall we make to be our head, we the masters
of arms, the masters of booty, the assigners of tribute,
oh thou, our younger brother, and thou, our older
brother ? " So said they to us. Then we said to them :
" It is but a little while that we looked to make war, and
already we are prepared, our standards are ready, our
burdens are loosed ; they are the burdens which were
given us by our mothers and fathers ; here are our stand-
ards ; I, I am the Sage." Thus we spoke when we
unloosed our burden, our loads of maize, our standards,
our paints, bows, shields, and double-headed lances.
19. Thus we showed ourselves before the face of all ;
first we adorned ourselves with our bows, our shields,
our two-headed lances, our feathers, our paints ; we put
them all on, and we said to them, " On with you, you
our younger brothers, you our elder brothers, truly this
kitzih ti xibin ok xpeul chucohol hay, kitzih tibirbot,xpalah
huyu Tapcu Oloman, pam pokon chic xoh molokij, chiri
colovi avi, xoh cha chi re Qeche vinak : Xaqui tohoh
' ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS. 83
war is certain, we must enter upon it, we must test our
bows, our shields. It makes little difference which way
we go ; choose ye the road," said we to them. " It is
not for us to choose the road," said they. " Choose thou
the road, thou our younger brother, thou our teacher,"
said they to us. Then we chose the road, and we told it
to them. All of us then gathered together, and soon we
met face to face a party of warriors, called those of
Nonovalcat and those of Xulpit. They were on the
border of the ocean ; they were there in their boats.
20. Truly it was fearful, the arrow-shooting and the
fighting ; but soon they were routed by us, and half the
fighting was in the boats. When those of Nonovalcat
shall we cross over the sea, our younger brother ? " they
asked. And we said to them : " We shall cross in the
boats, while our battle is not yet known." Then we
entered into the boats of those of Nonovalcat ; when we
came from the east then we entered them. Truly, it was
fearful in the town and houses of those of Zuyva, there
in the east ; for when we entered at the furthest house,
they could not understand how we had entered. Truly,
it was fearful there among the houses ; truly, the noise
was great, the dust was oppressive ; fighting was gomg
on in the houses, fighting with the dogs, the wasps,
fighting with all. One attack, two attacks we made, and
we ourselves were routed, as truly they were in the air,
they were in the earth, they ascended and they descended,
everywhere against us, and thus they showed their magic
and their sorcery. All the warriors, each one by himself,
returned to the place, Tapcu Oloman ; we gathered
together in sadness, there where we had put on our
feathers, where we had adorned ourselves, oh you our
children, as was related by Gagavitz and Zactecauh.
When we asked each other where our salvation was, it
was said to us by th ' >iche men: "As it thundered
and resounded in the iky, truly in the sky must our sal-
vation be ; " so they said, and therefore the name Toho-
hil was given to them. The Zotzil nation said that really
Akahal vinak : xaxincol vi chumpam akah, xcha ;
querela xubinaah vi Akalahayri. Querela xebinaah vi
ha qui bey. Ok xetzolih chipe chuvi huyu Valval
xebe tzolih chivipe chuvi huyu (Jakihuyu Tepacuman ru
kamama.
there was salvation in the mouth of an ara, and so the
name Cakix was given to them. We, the Cakchiquels,
we said : " Truly, in the middle of the valley lies our
salvation, entering there into the earth." Therefore the
name was given, Chitagah. Another, who said salvation
was in the water, was called Gucumatz. The Tukuche
said salvation was in a town on high, so they were called
Ahcicamag. The Akahals said, " We may be saved in a
honeycomb," therefore they were called Akalahay. Thus
all received their names. Do not believe, however, that
many were saved. Do not forget that all these names
came from the east. But the Evil One scattered us
abroad, said Gagavitz and Zactecauh. Thus we spoke
when we turned about in our hills and valleys : " We
lately took up our bows and shields, if anywhere there
was war ; let us now seek our hills and valleys." Thus
we spoke. Then we were scattered about in many places ;
then we all went forth, each division its own way, each
family its own way. Then a return was made to the place
Valval Xucxuc, and they passed on to the places called
Meme and Tacna, and they arrived at the places called
Zakiteuh and Zakiquva. They went on to Meahauh and
Cutamchah, and there they turned about and came to the
places called Zakihuyu and Tepacuman. Then it was
they could see their own hills and vales ; and they came
to the place called Togohil, where the Quiche men made
a beginning. As they returned to Pantzic and Paraxon,
we made a beginning, oh you our children, as said
our first fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh.
Such were the hills and vales through which we passed
and turned about. '' Let not the praise due us for these
our words cease, nor let it be forgotten that truly to you
we gave the places we passed over." Thus spoke of old
our fathers and our ancestors.
Paragraphs 2
Popoabah, whence they descended to Qhopiytzel, among
the broken rocks, among the great trees ; then they
descended to Mukulicya(the hidden waters) and Molomic
Ghee (the stacked-up wood). There they met the Qoxahil
animal, xa yn cachinak can ruma Bacah Pok, Bacah
quecha.
catux xcat ka camigah, nak rumal tachahih bey, xucheex,
and the Qobakil, as they were named, at the places called
Chiyol and Chiabak, there they met them, the only sur-
vivors of the Bacah, by their magic power. When they
met them, they asked and said, " Who art thou ? "
Qoxahil and Qobakil answered : " O thou our lord, do
not kill us ; I am thy brother, thy elder brother. We
two alone remain from the Bacah Pok and the Bacah
Xahil. I am the servant of your throne, your sove-
reignty, O thou our lord." So spoke they. Then spoke
Gagavitz and Zactecauh : " Thou art not of our house ;
thou art not of our tribe." But later it was said by the
tribes : " Truly thou art our brother, our elder." They
are those called Telom and Cakibak. When they went
forth from Chiyol and Chiabak, twice they turned their
steps and passed between the mountain ranges to the fire,
to Hunahpu ; and they met face to face in the spirit of
the forest, the fire called Zakiqoxol. Truly, this Zaki-
qoxol kills many men. Truly, he is fearful, a robber,
they say.
22. Going on, they arrived in the middle of the woods
by Zakiqoxol. " Who are these boys whom we see ? "
said he. Then were sent forward the Qoxahil and the
Qobakil, with their mysterious vision and magical power ;
they spoke when they arrived. One of them spoke, not
many [at once], as it was truly terrible to look upon, and
he said : " Let us see what kind of a hideous mole are
you ? " So said Gagavitz and Zactecauh. Thus they
spoke when they saw him, and they said : " Who art
thou ? We shall kill thee. Why is it that thou guardest
the road here ? " So they said and spoke thus. Then
he said : " Do not kill me ; I, who am here, I am the
heart of the forest." Thus he spoke, and then asked that
he might clothe himself. " They shall give to thee
wherewith to clothe thyself" [said they]. Then they
gave him wherewith to clothe himself, a change of gar-
ment, his blood-red cuirass, his blood-red shoes, the dying
raiment of Zakiqoxol. By this means he saved himself,
descending into the forest. Then there was a disturbance
Jhitabal.
xachire chicop heri Loxpin, Qhupichin, qui bi, xkayot vi,
among the trees, among the birds; one might hear the
trees speak and the birds call. They said, when one
Hstened : " What is this that we hear ? Who is this ? "
said they. And the branches of the trees in the forest
murmured, and the tigers and birds called one to another.
Disquiet."
23. They departed thence. Once for all we shall
mention the names of these various places : Belehchigag,
Belehchi Hunahpu, Xecuh, Xetocoy, Xeuh, Xeamatal
Chii, Tzunun Choy, Mount Xecucu, Mount Tzunun,
Xiliviztan, Zunpancu, Tecpalan, Tepuztan. They then
descended to Cholamag and Zuchitan. Truly, the lan-
guage there was difficult, and the barbarians alone knew
to speak their language. We inquired only of the bar-
barians, Loxpin and Chupichin, and we said to them
when we arrived : " Vaya, vaya, ela, opa." They were
surprised when we spoke their language to those of
Cholamag, and many of them were frightened, but we
received only good words.
24. They went to the places, Meme and Tacna, for the
second time. They could not speak well, hence the name
Mem. Truly, they were good people. They spoke to
mock us, and we remained to learn their language. They
said to us : " Thou our lord, remain with us ; we are thy
elder and younger brother; abide with us," said they.
They wished us to forget our speech, but our heart was
as a stone when we arrived with them.
25. These were also a part of the names of the places:
they went to Zakiteuh and Zakiqua, the midst of Tubinal,
the midst of Chacachil, Tzulahauh which reaches to the
sky, the midst of Nuiixor, the midst of Aloinal, the
midst of Carchah. They passed over with the sons of
Valil and the sons of Tzunun. They went forth from
Merac and Nacxit. Truly this one (Nacxit) was a great
lord, and the vassals who aided him to seize the sovereignty
G
ahlabal chiri xe ucheex conohel ruma ahauh Nacxit :
Xati hotoba can ree vapal abah toe chuvi vochoch, tin ya
were themselves rulers and chieftains. He invested Orbalt-
zam, and said that his name should be Cinpual Taxuch.
Truly he finished by making himself the most dear of
all men to all the warriors by the words spoken to all by
this lord Nacxit : " You have come to be the stone
framework, the support of my house ; I will give to you
sovereignty, and give you Cinpuval Taxuch." So said
he to all the warriors. " I have not placed the stones of
the others," so said he to them. And thus they came to
erect the stone framework. Therefore, Nacxit completed
the appointment of a companion in the sovereignty,
and they cried out aloud with joy.
26. Then they met those of Mimpokom and Raxchich,
at the place called Tzaktzuy. They met all the subjects
of the Pokomams. They dance their ballet, but it is
without deers, without birds, without pheasants,
without the trappers and their nets. The subjects
of Raxchich and Mimpokon gather together; but the
seven nations look on at a distance. They sent out the
brute Zakbim as a spy; and on our side were summoned
the Qoxahil and the Qobakil, magicians, enchanters. On
their departure, they were told : " Let us see who are
approaching, and if we are to fight." So it was said.
Those of Mukchee arrived, but they were in no great
number, nor had they come to spy out. The signal was
given by Zakbin, while Huntzuy came into line. " Now
I see them," they said. " This is really a wonderful
thing, a wonderful dance they are making ; there are
many under the trees." So spoke they on arriving. Thus
said Gagavitz and Zactecauh to their companions : " Let
us take up our arms if we are to fight." Immediately
all took up their bows and shields, and thus arrayed
showed themselves to the Pokomams. At once terror
struck the Pokomams, and ours rushed forth to seize
them in their disorder.
27. Then they encountered the two. Loch and Xet by
name ; they encountered them there at the foot of the
mountains Cucu and Tzunun. These said when they
chi can hun ru tzuyil, qui tzara chiri xepax vi, querela
heri nabey qui tata qui mama xebogo Ahquehayi.
nabey ka tata ka mama xoh boz vi xoh vinakir vi, oh
Cakchiquel vinak.
Xcha : At ahau, xa tin ya queh cab chi vichin, 'yn
yuquite chahom. Querela xrelahih vi queh cab, yuquite
were encountered, " Do not kill us, O thou our lord ;
we will be the servants of your throne, of your power."
So they said, and entered at once as vassals, each one
carrying the bows and drums. Going on, a return was
made, and they were hindered by some calabash vines,
and were ensnared and scattered. Therefore, that place
was called Tzaktzuy, and the Ahquehay took it as their
sign, that is, those first fathers and ancestors who brought
forth the Ahquehay. This is why they took it, it is said,
and such is the name of the place. They chose a portion
of the tribe, oh you my children, and truly thus it was
that our first fathers and ancestors brought us forth and
gave us existence — us, the Cakchiquel people.
28. Then they went forth to meet those at the place
Oronic Cakhay, and all the warriors of the seven villages
arrived. Then spoke Gagavitz and Zactecauh to the
Quiche men : " Let us all go to the place. Let us con-
quer the glory of all the seven villages of Tecpan, let us
weaken their hearts ; do thou count their faces, do thou
stand here at the place Cakhay ; I shall enter the place
Cakhay ; I shall conquer them ; their heart shall be
weakened ; there, in the place, they shall be conquered,
where they never before were conquered." Thus they
spake when they ordered the slaughter, when they were
in Cakhay ; then it began with all of them in the place,
and their hearts were weakened. But on account of the
defence with water, and the defence with cinders, they
could not enter the place, and theirhearts were weakened.
Then it was said : " O thou lord, I will give thee the
venison and the honey. I am the lord of the venison,
the lord of the honey ; but I have not passed because of
the cinders," it was said. Thus the venison and the
honey were protected by means of the cinders. They
went from there to Tunacotzih, " the sounding stone."
There Loch and Xet made trial of the bows and drums,
and they beat their drums ; therefore the name of that
spot is Tunacotzih, " the Drum-beating."
He cay chi achi Totunay ru bi hun, Xurcah ru bi hun
hol, Cavek Cibakihay, qui xucheex, kitzih vi chi at nu
ahaua vi.
29. At this time they met the Cavek under the great
pines, at the place called Ximbalxug. They heard the
plaint of the doves beneath the great pines ; the en-
chantment of the Cavek. Gagavitz and Zactecauh said :
" Who art thou ? What is that we hear ? " Then said
Loch and Xet : " They are our vassals, oh our lord, they
obey us." They began to show their burdens ; bird nets,
maguey, tools for making shoes, were their burdens — no
other burdens, for their houses were of deer skins and
hides ; hence they were called Ahquehay. Then they
carried the nets to the woods ; they caught doves in them
beneath the great pines, and they brought many of these
doves caught in the nets, and said : " Oh our lord, do not
slay us." " Who art thou ? " was asked. They answered :
" We have been ruined by the Quiche men, we your
brother, your kinsman, we the Cavek ; they have dimin-
ished their regal dignity." So' spoke they, and gave
many gifts, they the fathers and ancestors of the Cavek.
There were two heroes, Totunay the name of one, Xurcah
of the other, the vassals of Cavek Paoh ; they were
addressed by Gagavitz : " Thou art the fourth of our
tribes, Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cavek, and Cibakihay." Thus
he addressed them : " Truly thou art my brother, my
kinsman." Thus he spoke to those of Ahquehay: "Thou
art counted in my tribe, thy vassalage shows that thou art
of our ancient home, no longer art thou a vassal nor
earnest the net. The Caveks are received, and form part
of our tribe." So spoke of yore our fathers and ances-
tors, oh my children, and we must not forget the words
of these rulers.
The Victory of Our Forefathers, After One
Had Died.
30. Having arrived at the place, Qhopiytzel, Gagavitz
said to Zactecauh : " Let us cross this ravine." " Good,"
said he. Gagavitz first crossed, and then Zactecauh
wished to cross. But he did not cross, but fell into the
ravine. Thus died one of our ancestors, and their pos-
' UNIVEiRSITY
.CaufOJ
sessions were divided ; but the other, that is, Gagavitz,
brought us forth — us, the Xahila.
31, They then arrived at the white hills called Teyo-
cuman, coming there for the second time. There they
saw the fire of the mountain called Gagxanul. Truly it
was frightful to see the fire coming from the mountain,
the fire shooting forth afar off No one could say how it
could be passed by, as the mountain Gagxanul was on
fire for a whole year, after which fire did not come forth.
When all the warriors of the seven villages had arrived
at the foot of the mountain, no one spoke ; truly, they
grieved at heart, nor could one say how the fire could be
captured. They could but go on hoping. When he
arrived at the mountain they spoke to our ancestor,
Gagavitz, and all the warriors said to him : " Thou our
brother, thou hast arrived, thou in whom is our hope.
Who will go down to the capture of this fire? Who will
descend for us, who are seeking our fortune, oh thou our
brother ? " So said all ; and we replied : " Who of you
wishes that I shall try my fortune ? He has a heart of
a hero, that fears not. I will go first." Thus spoke
Gagavitz to them : " You must not fear so soon." Truly,
the fire of the mountain was terrible. Then there was
one named Zakitzunun, who wished to go with him. " I
will go with you," said Zakitzunun, speaking to Gagavitz.
Then they were armed and their ornaments put upon
them. But the two said together : " There is no use of
bows or shields." They laid them aside ; they took
pointed instruments and dug a trench, and they placed
by- the water those banana trees called raxa/i. When
these things were in order, they entered first with their
heads, then with their necks, then with their arms, with
their hands, with their feet, so as to destroy the fire, as
they said. Then Gagavitz descended into the fire, while
Zakitzunun conducted the water to the fire, and the green
grass and maize mixed with the water flowed upon the
fire. Truly, it was fearful when it descended into the
mountain, when it scattered the fire of the mountain,
when the smoke burst forth afar and darkness and night
hun nabey al, hun xambey al chivichin, yx ka vi, yxka
xaceel chuvi choy; ri ynup maqui na tiquil, mani ruxe
entered on the scene. All who were at the foot of the
mountain fled, as they were greatly frightened. Gagavitz
remained in the mountain. The day drew to a close,
and their courage died in their hearts. The fire was
captured, but it was not captured for them, A few sparks
of the fire descended from the mountain. It reached
some, but it did not reach them. Then he came from
within the mountain. Truly, his face was terrible when
he came from within the mountain Gagxanul. All the
warriors of the seven villages said : " Truly his power,
his knowledge, his glory and his majesty are terrible.
He died, and yet he has come down." So said they.
32. Therefore, when he had arrived they seated him on
the throne, and truly made much of him, and all said :
" Oh our brother, you have conquered the fire of the
mountain ; you have reduced for us the fire. Ye are
two heroes ; one is the first hero, and one follows him.
Ye are our heads, our chiefs." So said all the warriors
of the seven villages to Gagavitz. Then he said to
them : " The heart of the mountain has come as my
slave, my captive, oh you my brethren, my kinsmen."
When the heart of the mountain is opened, the fire sepa-
rates from the stone, even the stone called Gak Chog. It
is not a green stone, and there are thirteen others with it,
and hence comes the dance called " the heart of the
mountain Gagxanul." They say this dance is executed
violently, with many troops (of dancers), nor can one
count those who join the noise.
33. They went from there and passed over to Cecic
Ynup, as it is called, and they rowed on the lake. There
was no ceiba tree rooted in the soil, nor did they go
under a ceiba tree, but they went upon the water.
Therefore, they called that place Cecic Ynup, " the
buried Ceiba." And they passed on to the place called
Qalalapacay. There they twined the leaves of the anonas
for the royal seat. Therefore, they called that place
Qalalapacay, " anona garlands." So say our ancestors.
xeel chic mani chic quikan.
apon ronohel ahlabal, tanti qui xibih quij, maqui tan
TJie Conquest of the IJzomagi.
34. Then they saw at a distance those called the Caki-
xahay and the Qubulahay, subjects of the Ikomagi.
They were captured after they had been routed by a
surprise, when they were not far from a place called
Chigalibal. They were pardoned when they arrived, and
our warriors extended their hands to them. Hence that
place was called Chigalibal. They said, in yielding:
" I am your brother, your elder. You are the conquer-
ors. We are the subjects of your throne and your power.
I swear it before these who are my subjects." Thus
spoke the Ikomagi, and thus their subjects, the Cakixa-
hay and the Qubulahay. Thus did Ikomag submit and
save his life. With them the Zotzils brought forth those
fathers and elders, the Ahpozotzils named Qulavi Zochoh
and Qulavi Qanti. But only their families, not their
vassals, proceeded therefrom.
35. After this they arrived at the place Qakbatzulu,
where they met the one named Tolgom. Truly, terror
was there, and the place Qakbatzulu trembled. At first
all the warriors began to arrive ; but fear was upon them
lest they should there meet death. When he (Gagavitz)
reached there, all the warriors said : " Thou arrivest, our
brother. What is this? Truly it is fearful." So said
they; and to them said our ancestor, Gagavitz: "Who
are ye, oh warriors ? Let us look at his face. Can we
not fight ? Have we not bows and shields to effect an
entrance, oh you who are my brethren ? " So he spoke,
and he sent all the warriors to seize Tolgom. Then they
said : " What speech is this, oh brother ? Is it not
said that a great terror is there ? Go thou and
see." So said they all. Then he went forth to see
Tolgom, and truly he arrived at the place of the terror
and where the hill trembled. At once he cried to Tolgom :
" Who art thou ? Thou art neither my brother nor my
elder. Who art thou ? This very day I shall slay thee."
Instantly was Tolgom filled with fear, and he replied : " I
am the son of the Mud that Quivers. This is my house
quixgao ru vach nu telechee nu cana ; xtikaquiyah, xtika
Ahpoxahil, qui xucheex xa chiri taban vi, at naek huvi
Oh huvi chi ahlabal xa ruma ri nim qui puz qui naval, he
where I dwell, oh my lord." So he said. " Go forth
from here and live elsewhere," was it answered to Tolgom.
Then he submitted and was made prisoner, and his body-
was taken with him. Gagavitz said to the warriors and
the seven towns when Tolgom gave himself up : " We
have made this spot glorious. Show forth the face of my
prisoner, my captive. We will adorn and sacrifice my
captive. We will be friends with him and stand in front
of him, and thus celebrate the name of this spot, Qak-
batzulu, as it is called by a joking people, oh chieftains."
Such were the words addressed to all the warriors.
36. Therefore, they spoke thus : " Our brother, one
child is the first and another the second among us. Here-
after we shall make this appear before the council, we
the thirteen warriors. We will give to thee thy canopy,
thy royal seat, thy carpet, thy throne, with power. These
shall be called the two children of the Zotzil Tukuches,
but thou shalt be the first man among the Ahpozotzils
and the Ahpoxahils. They shall call thee forth to act ;
thou shalt be first among the warriors, thy brothers and
thy elders, the Bacah Pok and the Bacah Xahils. They
shall name thee equal to any in power and majesty, oh
my brother." Thus they said, and his head was lifted
above the others, and he was given the power by the
Ahpozotzils and the Ahpoxahils, but not by us, the
Zotzil Tukuches, nor by our brother and elder, the Bacah
Pok and the Bacah Xahil, my children. Our fathers and
ancestors said of old : " We have been chosen by the
warriors in their great skill and wisdom ; their bows and
shields have created us." It was thus that our ancestors
were first exalted by overcoming the greatness and the
birth of many.
37. Then began the execution of Tolgom. He arrayed
himself and entered suddenly. His arms were extended
in front of a tree, to be shot with arrows. A dance was
begun by all the warriors, while Tolgom began his song.
They still danced, when they commenced to shoot their
arrows. But not one of the arrows reached the cord ; for
vi ru vach ka tata ka mama oh Cakchiquel vinak, mani
conohel ok xquituc rupam ree choy. Chiri xetzako vi
quij pan pati payan chocol ru bi, quetabal quinaual ; chila
4-ovic pa choy ronohel ahlabal, xavi xambey chic xbe ri
it was far to the tree where he was shot at, on the hill
Qakbatzulu, where they shot at him and where all the
arrows fell. At length the arrow of our ancestor Gaga-
vitz was discharged. It passed rapidly over the place
named Cheetzulu, and pierced Tolgom. All the warriors
then slew him, some arrows piercing him from near and
others from afar. The man being thus killed, a great
stream of blood came forth behind the tree. His body
was cut in pieces and divided among all the seven towns.
This gift and this sacrifice of his death were what founded
the festival of (the month) Uchum. At that festival all
were equal ; there was eating and drinking ; little children
were killed by being shot with arrows, their heads being
adorned with elder flowers, as his substitute, as if they
were Tolgom, as say our fathers of yore, oh my children.
In this manner we obtained power with the Zotzil Tuku-
ches, by knowledge and occult science, by power and
majesty ; thus did our fathers and ancestors, we the Cak-
chiquels, lift our heads above others, nor our ancestors
lower their glory and their birth.
38. When they were on the hill Qakbatzulu, they
threw a part of the body of Tolgom into the lake. Thus
began the festival of " throwing the nose of Tolgom."
Then, it is said, there was heard a noise in the waters,
and at its passage all were terrified when there were these
movements in the waters of the lake. Many on these
occasions assembled at the spot called " the common
baths " (Payanchocol). They practiced many magic arts.
Nine zapotes were found at the spot called Chitulul. At
that time the warriors began their passage over the lake.
Gagavitz followed them with his sister, named Chetehauh.
They established themselves, and settled on the point
called after the god Abah. A little while after the arrival
of Gagavitz, truly a fearful thing took place when he
entered the water, having changed himself into Zutzu-
cumatz. It suddenly darkened on the water, a wind rose,
and a white cloud rested on the surface, making a circuit
of the water in the lake. They desired to remain there ;
but it was first necessary to reduce the power of the
H
Mian xkatuc rupam ka choy ka palouh, at ka nimal,
Tzutuhils. All the seven nations looked about and then
descended to the water. Those who were there then said
to the children of the Ahtziquinahay : " We have scarcely-
made the circuit of this lake of ours, this sea, oh my
brother. But let one-half of the lake be yours, and one-
half of the fruits, of the wild geese, of the crabs, of the
fish." Thus he spoke, and the others took counsel : " It
is well my brother, that the half of the lake be ours, and
a half of thy fruits, of thy wild geese, of thy crabs, of
thy fish, a half of thy acorns, and a half of thy bananas
be ours, and of all living things you kill in or below
the waters." Thus did the Ahtziquinahay reply to them.
Then they separated and went away, but soon returned,
desiring to obtain wives, for none of them were married,
owing to the absence of women ; neither their mothers
nor sisters having accompanied them. They said :
" Where speaks my girl ? Whom shall I take as wife ?
Truly, let us go forth and seek where there is said to be
a war for hearts." They put on their armor, and were
really terrible when they went forth in search of women.
The Tzutuhils were frightened, and to them the Cakchi-
quels said : " Whom shall I take for my woman ? Who
has declared war against my heart ? " So they spoke to
the Tzutuhil people, to the women of Tzununa. There-
upon the Ahtziquinahay spoke to them : " My lord, my
brother, my elder, here indeed is thy maiden. You have
divided with us the waters; half of the lake is thine,
half is ours." Thus he spoke, and his warriors were
afflicted at his words, when the Ahtziquinahay spoke
thus in conclusion. Then Gagavitz, our ancestor, said :
" Who of you comes to take wives ? It were well that
you remain with the organs of women. But I hear thy
words, oh my brother ; their victory is by the organs of
their women. Remaining, I shall do this." Thus he
spoke to the Ahtziquinahays. In this manner, say our
elders, the lake was divided, and in this manner our
brother and elder remained with the Tzutuhils. None
other of ours remained. Our first fathers and ancestors,
Gagavitz and Zactecauh, passed on, and went back to the
Qui gakeribal vae.
Cavek xetak pe. Quixnabeyah, yxnuhay nu chinamit,
huyu Puhuhil, Paraxone xahun chi raxon ru halebal; tok
xpeul, ok xul Pantzic Paraxone, <;akerinak chic.
darkness and the night. At that time their dawn had not
yet come ; but not long after they did this it began to
shine. They went upon the mountain Pulchich, and
thence they set out.
This Is Their Day-Breaking.
39. The first who went forth were Gekaquch, Baqa-
hol, Cibakihay and Cavek, who came together. You
were the first, oh my house, oh my tribe, to bring about
our day-breaking, our ancient nation, some time before
the dawn. " Go forth," was said to them. Then they
came to the place where their dawn was to be, to the
mountains named Pantzic, Paraxone, Cinahihay, Paci-
bakul, and Pa Cavek and Quehil. There their dawn
appeared, there they built houses, there took place the
marriage of their chief named Nimahay. The first who
built houses were those who came first, the Gekaquch,
the Cibakihay and the Cavek. The last who arrived was
Baqahol, and they had already commenced to build when
he arrived. After he had come, Baqahol said to Geka-
quch : " I, I am king, I received you." So said he to
Gekaquch. At his arrival he had ardently desired the
leadership. The others answered him : " Thou ! no,
thou art not our king ; we do not wish you to be our
king." So said the>t to him. Then he showed them a
precious stone and said : " I will give you this precious
stone carved with four feet, and hands and toes, if I am
your chief." So he said. But that suited them not.
Then he began to build himself a stronghold, and in a
little while the labor was completed, for he ardently
desired power and coveted it. For this reason his con-
structions were destroyed by the Chuluc Balam sent by
Gagavitz, because Gagavitz liked it not that Baqahol
desired the leadership. Therefore the constructions were
destroyed by the animals Chuluc Balam when Gagavitz
came to the places called Puhuhil and Paraxone, each of
which was clothed with changing green. After that he
arrived on Pantzic and Paraxone, and on his arrival the
day-breaking took place.
oc rahauarem vach, cuma ruhay ru chinamit, quecha y
ahlabal chupam he ru gakeribal, xavi tantetax rahauarem
ruma ru hay ru chinamit. Xamulumuxinak chic chupam
vinak, Cakchiquel vinak, Tukuchee vinak ; Ahkahal
haxic, xtzakovi el ri, cani xapon chila Xepoyom. Cani
xe rucanah rahlabal ruchinamit, maqui xbanatah xuban,
ANNALS OF THE CAKCIIIQUELS. Ill
40. The sun had already risen, said our fathers and
ancestors of old ; the dawn had appeared, when were
formed the families of Gekaquch, Cibakihay, Cavek and
Ahquehay. Baqahol had not been well received, as he
had forced the families to accept him as their ruler.
When he forced them to this, they said : " I shall not go
forth to meet you, Baqahol. Do you not come to say :
' I am the chief, I say it ? ' And do you not come to
show your precious stone to the eyes of the families?
Have you not called youself the Counselor Baqahol ?
And have you not called yourself the head of our
house ? " Thus they spoke ; but those who were with
him answered : " No one has said, ' I am the head of
your house.'" " Be thou our ruler," they cried, and thus
he succeeded.
Paragraphs 3
signs of royalty. They seated him on the seat and royal
throne. They washed him in the bath, the painted ves-
sel. They clothed him with the robe, the girdle and
green ornaments. He received the colors, the yellow
stone, the paint, the red earth, and thus he obtained the
signs of royalty from the other families and tribes, as
said our ancestors, oh my children. Thus was consti-
tuted the family by us the ahpop ; all the warriors did
likewise in the place of their dawn ; thus was established
the royalty by the families and tribes. They became
more numerous in the place where their dawn had
appeared. Three tribes of our nation had seen the dawn
appear, the Zotzils, the Cakchiquels and the Tukuches.
As to the Akahals they were but a little distance from
the place when the dawn appeared to the three nations.
At the spot called Tohohil the Quiches saw their dawn,
and those of Rabinal saw it shine at the spot Zamaneb,
and the Tzutuhils sought to see their dawn at Tzala.
But their labors had not been completed by this tribe
when the sun arose. They had not as yet finished draw-
ing their lines in Tzala when it rose in the sky, precisely
above the place Geletat. It continued to spread its light
along its course, and at last set at the place called
quixhayil ok xeul chiri.
Xepoyom. Immediately the warriors quit those places
without finishing their labors, and they all agreed to go
and dwell on the borders of the lake. At that time the
tribes were filled with terror when the eagle with
green plumage passed through the sky, Gucucot, the
enchanter, and sadness covered the tribes like a shadow
when they heard him pass in the sky. Thus he appeared
to the women of Tzununa, of Tzolola, of Ahachel and of
Vayza. He soared above the shore and half the people
went with him.
The Sufferings That They Endured During
Their Sojourn Here.
42. Truly it was a time of suffering when we came to
establish ourselves in our places, said our ancestors of
old, oh my children. There was nothing to eat and
there was no relish for what had been brought along,
nor was there material for clothing. All was lacking;
we lived on the bark of trees and we rested our hearts
under the shadow of our lances. At that time the people
began to prepare the soil for the planting of corn ; the
woods were cleared and the brush burned, to prepare for
the planting. Thus we came to have a little to eat, and
we worked in the bark of trees and the maguey. When
there was still some food the vultures passed in the air.
At first they took a bird; then they ate some of our food,
say the people ; but none of them remained when they
came.
They Took Wives.
43. The Tukuches having arrived and settled, our
ancestor Gagavitz married Gomakaa, our first ancestress,
who brought us forth — us, the Xahila. Many others
also married ; for there had been a stringent prohibition
with regard to marriage ; so that when they went in to
bathe, their organs gave way and they spilled their seed.
Many were thus prohibited, it is said, and the prohibition
was made a second time, because they had carnal rela-
UNIVERSITY
vinak.
quehil.
quecha chirichin chee, xa orocom rupam chee xqui
tions both naturally and unnaturally, as the old traditions
say.
44. Then also they began to adore the Demon. On
each seventh and thirteenth day an offering was made to
him of fresh resin, and freshly gathered green branches
and new bark ; and also of a cat, the image of night,
which were burned before him. To these were added
thorns of the gourd tree with which they drew blood
from their ears. They had not yet began the worship of
the great idol of the ancient Chay Abah. It is said that
the worship of the Demon increased with the fate of our
prosperity. Afterwards the principal idols were set up,
as said of yore our father and ancestor Gagavitz, at the
time they approached Pantzic, Paraxone, Cinahihay,
Pacibaqul, Pacavek and Quehil.
45. At that time some of the natives of the places
called Cupilcat and Canalakam, offered combat when
they (the Cak.) had arrived before their city. With-
drawing from before the city (our men) entered a very
dense woods where those of Cupilcat were destroyed.
Others arrived at the spot to continue the battle, and
some calling to others, they entered the dense woods,
before their city, and then these men of Cupilcat and
Canalakam were destroyed by our ancestor. There the
family of Baqahol began its fame, and the name of the
place became celebrated. Cimahihay and Motzoray, the
only two said to have survived, abandoned the place ; and
another from Cupilcat came to Quiche and there met his
death.
46. Having abandoned Pantzic and Paraxone they
arrived at the forest called Chiqohom, and there suffered
some deprivations. But they made dwellings in the
trees, each choosing a tree and whitewashing its interior
tigers. When they were settled there, they set up the
idols of the Demon and Chay Abah ; and in the house
cay chi achi.
xcam qui tata, xavi chiri xemuke vi can, chupam qui
gakeribal Paraxone.
chuvach Tepeuh.
Xahil ahuchan Xahil ; Que be tah ru nabey ka patan ri
of the Demon were placed parroquets and parrots. There-
fore they called that place Chiqohom. After having
lived there awhile, Gagavitz begat two infants, the first
named Caynoh, the second Caybatz, both boys.
47. At that time the king Gagavitz died, the same
who came from Tulan ; his children, our ancestors. Cay-
noh and Caybatz, were still very young when their father
died. They buried him in the same place where their
dawn appeared, in Paraxone.
48. Thus were the two boys left. Then Gekaquch,
Baqahol and Cibakihay arriving, said to them : " We
have come ; we are your mothers and sisters ; we are
here, we the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil, as we
are called ; we are your Galel ; we are your Ahpop."
Thus many of them came and spoke, not remembering
the sign of Zactecauh, who had died in the ravine of
Qhopiytzel. Thus spoke many of our fathers and ances-
tors, oh my children.
49. The first who ruled with glory was Tepeuh, the
king of Cauke. Cuztum and Chixnal were the names of
his strongholds. The magic power of Tepeuh inspired
terror, he caused the mountain to tremble where he
lived, and all the tribes paid tribute to Tepeuh.
50. Now these Galel Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil caused
these words to be carried by Gekaquch and Baquhol :
" The Galel Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil say thus, ' Let
Caynoh and Caybatz go forth first as our tribute, for as
for us, we are the rulers.' " So said they to the clans.
And the boys were sent with the message for the clans.
Ri yabal quixhayl vae.
Their Interview With Tepeuh.
51. Our ancestors Caynoh and Caybatz came to Te-
peuh. They entered alone while the Galel Xahil and
Ahucham Xahil remained alone without, When they
reached the presence of Tepeuh : " Who are you ? "
was said to them by Tepeuh. " We are the sons of
Gagavitz," replied Caynoh and Caybatz." Tepeuh mar-
veled greatly when he heard their v/ords : therefore they
were strengthened by Tepeuh as they were humble
before him.
52. They were then sent by Tepeuh to collect the
tribute, and they went forth to take the tribute from the
tribes. No one of the many people died while they
were taking the tribute. Truly all feared the magic
power and wisdom of Caynoh and Caybatz. Where
they were at night it shone like fire, and there was
trembling as of an earthquake. Therefore all the people
were in fear when they came among them, and they were
given all things by the people when they came to take
tribute. Quite to the far East they were paid what
they demanded, precious metals and spun stuff as they
demanded, by the tribes from whom they took tribute.
Mighty were their words. Therefore by these actions
they became the sons of Tepeuh, and by them truly they
became illustrious.
They Are Given Women.
53. At length they arrived to collect the tribute from
the Ahtziquinahay, who are also descended from our
ancestor. They came to where the Ahtziquinahay were
with their women, and designating what they desired,
they designated metals and spun stuff. When they
came, the Ahtziquinahay said (among themselves) : " Let
us make these messengers of Tepeuh our sons-in-law.
Truly their magic power is terrible. But we will give
them women, and we will take back what they have
designated." So they said, and none of the chiefs went
quinahay, xtoyevar Tepeuh ckikih ; Xecha : — Ba y xibih
yvij, xtika ya yvix hayil, xquixkahiah, maquina ytzel
xtikaban, quixbe bijx chire Tepeuh, xmaqui chivi xeu-
chire Tepeuh. Xax maqui chi vi xebe, xquixibih qui
chuvach Tepeuh, cani xquevah qui chupam pec, xeyaloh
chupam pec, chi e van ri xubinaah Pecparu pec, Caynoh
tucheex.
Canobal quichin vae.
apon : Oh canoy yvichin, yxkahpop, kitzih vi tan hoye
forth to Caybatz and Caynoh. These were frightened,
lest some should come during the night and the treasures
they had collected be stolen by the daughters of the
chiefs. And indeed, these did come secretly and stole
the jar of treasures while (the brothers) slept. They
were the daughters of the chiefs Zungunqun, Ganel,
Mayahauh and Puciahauh. Caynoh and Caybatz took
them as wives ; Bubatzo was the name of one, Icxiuh of
the other. Our ancestors not seeing their treasure were
filled with fear. They cried out : "You have indeed,
ruined us, oh ye Ahtziquinahay! Tepeuh will be angered
against us." They answered : "Be not frightened. We
shall give you wives ; you shall be our sons-in-law ; we
will do you no evil ; you will go speak to Tepeuh and
nothing will be said to you." Then wives were given to
them, and they went to speak with Tepeuh. But they
did not reach there, they feared to come before Tepeuh ;
so they hid themselves in a cavern, and they retired into
the cavern. The place where they hid was called by
Caynoh Pecparupec (a cave within a cave).
The Search For Them.
54. Then they were sought for by the tribe. " We
seek our rulers. Where are they? We are truly
afflicted; for we have heard their voices. Neither their
mothers nor their fathers wish to leave them ! " so spoke
Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cavek and Cibakihay concerning
Caynoh and Caybatz. At length they searched in the
cavern, and those who had spoken met them coming :
" We seek you, oh our rulers, and truly we are unhappy,"
said they, Caynoh and Caybatz answered : " We shall
not come if your rulers, the Galel and Ahucham, are not
there. Who would be with us ? Are we not humbled
if we return before Tepeuh ? We shall not come that
they may kill us. Let them take these words, that we
may go forth and be reconciled with Tepeuh. Then we
will come." So said they, and immediately it was carried
to the people. A messenger was sent to report to Tepeuh.
I
Xahil, ronohel tzih tok xecam.
xeux humah tzih ok xeoc chi ahauarem.
kahauarem oh ru pixabam vi ka tata ; que oc tah cay ka
ahauh Caynoh ahuchan Xahil rahauarem xux, xoc chic
cahauarem ka mama chiqui vach.
When Tepeuh heard the report he rejoiced, and the Cak-
chiquels rejoiced, and the Zotzil Tukuches and the Ahtzi-
quinahay rejoiced. Then they went forth to seek our
ancestors.
The Arrival Again at the Woods Chigohom.
55. Returning, they arrived together, where were their
wives. Therefore all the tribes rejoiced on seeing their
faces, when they returned. Immediately they caused to
be hanged and executed the Galel Xahil and Ahucham
Xahil, and all their fame perished with them.
56. Then they entered in possession of the royal power.
Caynoh was made Ahpop Xahil, and Caybatz was made
Ahpop Qamahay. Both were kings, and their words
were as one, when they assumed the royal power.
57. Caynoh and Caybatz begat sons and daughters.
The first had four sons and the second five sons, making
nine sons begotten by Caynoh and Caybatz. Terrifying
was the fame of the magic power and wisdom of Gaga-
vitz, Zactecauh, Caynoh and Caybatz.
58. Then Caynoh and Caybatz spoke thus: "Strong
is now our royal power; we hold the rulership from our
fathers ; let our two sons partake of our power." So said
they. Then a son of Caynoh was placed in possession
of power and was made Ahuchan Xahil, and a son of
Caybatz was placed on the throne and was made Galel
Xahil. Thus we had four rulers, we the Xahila, and
our royal power was established in the presence of our
ancestors.
Death of Caynoh and Caybatz.
59. After the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil had
taken possession, the kings died. Immediately their pos-
terity succeeded. Two by two they entered into power,
and the two sons of the sons of Caynoh received homage
xahun ka tee tata xahun xohbogo oh Xahila.
arem.
nabey qui tinamit.
as Ahpop Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil ; the two sons of
the chief Caybatz took possession and received the hom-
age of their subjects as Ahpop Qamahay and Galel Xahil.
Thus was the monarchy estabhshed during the time of
the children of Caynoh and Caybatz. They were our
first ancestors who established the royalty, O my children ;
but one mother only and one father only brought us forth,
us, the Xahila.
60. They received homage, they received presents ; for
the towns and places were beyond number which were
theirs. Then multiplied the daughters and sons of the
nine sons begotten by the kings Caynoh and Caybatz.
When, however, the king Citan Qatu died, the royal power
was split up among our fathers and ancestors ; there
were then many chiefs and the power was divided.
Paragraphs 4
the children of the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil,
and the sons of Ahcupilcat, of whom our ancestors had
spared life and granted a dwelling place. These made
an opposition to the sons of the king Caynoh. The
children of Qoxahil and Qobakil having begun to rule,
the sons of the Ahuchan Xahil, who had been hanged,
opposed the king, and began to rule as Ahuchan.
62. Against the Ahpop Qamahay Xahil was the Galel
Xahil, son of Ahcupilcat ; also the sons of the Galel Xahil
who was with Caynoh and Caybatz and accompanied
them to Tepeuh. They had lived in the sovereignty of
the Ikomagi, a nation whose name is from their city, their
principal city.
63. At that time they abandoned the place where their
dawn had appeared and they all returned to Pantzic and
Paraxone; they left Cimahihay, Panche, Chiqohom, Chi-
avar, and Tzupitagahi, following the valleys of the river.
Chicumcuvat, rahaual Akahal vinak.
Xepakay ; chuvi vi te xe ynup, xa maloh yc, xa chom,
65. Quibi ri e ka mama xe ahauar oher, ri ki xe gutu-
qui vach.
The names of the places that they received homage from
in this journey are the towns Zahcah, Petze, Utzupa,
Ginona, Galaah, Puzbal, ZaHqahol, Nimzakahpec, Yut-
cum, Calla, Chuvi Xilom, MoHnxot, Pachahcbak, Chu-
ti tinamit, where the Akahal nation had greatly increased,
and where, in the towns of Ochal or Qabouil Civan, the
king Ychalcan Chicumcuvat, chief of the Akahals, reigned
with majesty.
64. Our ancestors then arrived at the town Ochal.
They made themselves liked by the Akahals, and founded
there four towns. The Akahal nation had not previously
been divided; but at that time they all made a choice and
chose to effect a division of the nation. It was at this time
that they abandoned the town of Ochal, which was in the
warm district, and sought the highland plain, when the
sons of Ychalcan came to Xepakay Seated on the roots,
under the shade of a ceiba tree, they ate chile, and had shell-
fish and fish, as they liked. Then the people of the place,
coming above the plain, sought to hang the sons of the
king for their temerity; for they aimed to surpass the
greatness of their father, and for that reason the chiefs
wished their cleath. But these princes, making a night
attack, routed the people at Panah, at Chiholom and at
Xepakay, under the ceiba tree. The Akahals rejoiced at
the arrival of the princes on the plain. In consequence
of this event, the Akahals separated, and they left the
town of Ochal, and accompanied our ancestors, and estab-
lished themselves at Zakiqahol and Nimcakahpec.
Here I shall write
65. The names of our ancestors who received the
homage and presents of a great number of towns after
the death of the king Citan Qatu when our ancestors
publicly took the government.
66. The chief Citan Qatu ruled, the son of the chief
Caynoh, to whom were mystic power and wisdom. Then
xax mani chi vi qui covil ahaua kitzih hoye qui vack xux
hoye navipe ru vach vinak xux cuma.
Caponibal chic Chiavar vae.
ok tinamit Chiavar ok xahauar Xitayul Hax.
chu vach.
ruled the chief Qotbalcan, The chief Ahnam ruled.
Next ruled the chief Xttamer Zaquentol. Then followed
in power Qhiyoc Queh Ahgug. In his reign the chief
and Galel Xahil Xulu Qatu gathered together the Quiche
nation, desiring that war should be declared against those
who were attacking Ginona, and were engaged against
the town Ginona. For this reason the chief Xuluqatu
was sent by the chiefs Chiyocqueh and Ttah ttah Akbal,
who then reigned, to say that no mercy should be shown
to the chiefs who commanded the forces of the enemy,
but that the people should be spared.
again to your town at Chiavar." Thus spoke the king
Qikab.
Their return to Chiavar.
68. It was by command of the king Qikab that our
ancestors returned to the city of Chiavar and Tzupitagah.
All the towns were occupied by the nation, therefore
they came with the chiefs when these removed to Chia-
var by order of Qikab.
69. The chief Xitayul Hax was then reigning. The
town of Chiavar was peopled during the reign of Xitayul
Hax.
76. At that time also the chief Xiquitzal had power.
They dwelt in the towns of Chiavar and Tzupitagah.
The king Qikab ruled with majesty over all the kingdom
at the towns Gumarcaah and Izmachi, and all the people
paid him tribute,
71. For him the thirteen divisions of warriors assem-
bled at Gumarcaah, and they prepared their bows and
shields. The tribes, great and small, and all the dwellers
in the ravines were conquered, nor did it cost the Quiches
mama, ri mix kabijh can, xax qui meztah tzih, quere ri
qui mama nima abahi chiri tan que chahin vi el labal,
Haoc xeoc chi ahauar em vae.
chiquivach, xa vi e ru mam ahauh Caynoh, ahauh Citan
quibi xae cay chi ahaua.
anything. The thirteen divisions of warriors conquered
the towns, and thus was increased the glory of the king
Qikab.
72. But half of the chiefs would not listen to the words
of our ancestors which had been spoken to them ; they
forgot the order which had been given to spare the Zotzil
Tukuches, and not to show mercy to the chiefs, and thus
they dimmed the royal power.
73. Those who were then ruling were Rahamun and
Xiquitzal, and among the warriors were our ancestors
Huntoh and Vukubatz. They were famous warriors and
made war under the orders of the king Qikab. At that
time our ancestor Vukubatz was at Bogoiya and Huntoh
was at Xequizche. These men of old, mighty rocks, had
gone forth to war, to wage glorious war with those of
Chiholom, where reigned the chief Ychal AmuUac, ruler
of the Akahals.
These Obtain The Royalty.
74. After these things our ancestors Huntoh and Vu-
kubatz reigned, seizing the power and majesty. When
they obtained the royalty, the king Qikab was still reign-
ing, and he had mercy on the Zotzil Tukuches.
75, This chief, our ancestor, Vukubatz, had as father
Citan Tihax Cablah, who was the son of the king Citan
Qatu and Tihax Cablah. The latter let the power pass
to our ancestor, and the king Caynoh and the king Citan
Qatu thus obtained the power. Our ancestor, summoned
by the king Qikab and by all the chiefs and leading men,
from all parts, was placed in the royal power, and thus
our ancestors Vukubatz and Huntoh were then the two
kings.
77-
Halic
Vitaum
Lahub
Beleh Cuihay
Xubabal
Hultucur
Coha
Molobak
Tuhallahay
Vchabahay
Cumatz
Rapak
Chichah
Vxa
Ahalquil
Molomic Abah
Nimpokom
Nacuxcux
Bulbuxiya
Panah
Chiholom
Vuku(;ivan
Xerahapit.
76. When our ancestors had taken possession of the
royalty, they settled the towns of Chiavar and Tzupitagah.
Truly the king Qikab ruled with great glory when our
ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz reigned. Those warriors
inspired terror, nor were their histories forgotten, and
the fame was recalled of our first fathers and ancestors,
Gagavitz, Zactecauh, Caynoh, Caybatz, and Citan Qatu.
Truly there were magic power and wisdom in our an-
cestors Huntoh and Vukubatz ; they assumed glory and
majesty. Truly many were the cities and peoples who
submitted to them, and over whom they had triumphed
with the king Qikab and all the warriors. For this great
monarch inspired terror throughout the seven nations,
and his warriors carried war in all directions ; and there-
fore great was the glory of the king Qikab. These are
all the towns which they had conquered before the in-
surrection broke out which the Quiches made against
their king Qikab : —
The Names Of All The Towns.
77-
Halic
Vitaum
Lahub
Beleh Cuihay
Xubabal
Hultucur
Coha
J-hixnal
Molobak
Tuhallahay
Vchabahay
Cumatz
Rapak
Chichah
Vxa.
Ahalquil
Molomic Abah
Nimpokom
Nacuxcux
Bulbuxiya
Panah
Chiholom
Vukucivan
Xerahapit.
Chiavar ok xquiban can ka mama.
xqiz ru chinamital ahauh chucohol nimak achij : tzukul
nimak achij, maqui xe ruya ri hitol quij. Querela xbe
yac rubi hun. Ah Ytza rubi hunchic; Chituy, Quehnay
e pokon xeruna ri tzukul richin ; querela xbe vi chirih
quivach chire qui tata, ri Tatayac Ah ytza, quibi, xax
78. All these towns were conquered by Huntoh and
Vukubatz, and by the king Qikab, when our ancestors
settled at Chiavar and made that town.
Beginning Of The Revolt Against Qikab.
79. Then began a revolt against the king Qikab by
the Quiche men ; the family of the king was the cause
of the contest. The family of the king perished with
many of the people. The Quiches would not promise
the homage as vassals which he asked of them. They
wished that the roads should be free to the Quiche
people, which the king would not grant. Therefore
many of the people disliked the king and they would not
pay him their dues. For this reason the Quiches turned
against the king and his glory diminished.
80. The two sons of the king were already distin-
guished. Tatayac was the name of the one, Ah Itza the
name of the other. Chituy and Quehnay were the two
sons of these princes. These took the part of the
Quiches, and the king was thus opposed to his own sons,
who incited the people not to pay their dues, already
irritated on account of their subjection; and thus it came
that the king was against his own sons. Thus Tatayac
and Ahitza were opposed to their father, for they coveted
the royal power, and desired the precious stones, the
metals, the slaves and people of their father. At this
time there was a council of the Quiches against the war-
riors maintained by the king, and they began to put to
death all those of the first rank in the royal service.
Paragraphs 5
Herech, Tagunun, Xhutzuy, Eventec, Azacot, Camachal.
Then all the populace and the heads of the tribes assem-
bled together. His people did not assemble around the
king that they might not be killed, and the houses of the
rulers were entered by the people and the rulers were
ahauh chique achiha, xutzihobeh ru xit ru puvak ; xu
al4-ahol, chu nimaxic ahauh ruma achiha, kitzih hoye ru
xtiquer chic chiquih ka mama.
cam rumal yxok Nimapan Xcacauh. Querela xyacatah
slain by the people; not by order of the king; for the king
was then in the village of Panpetak. The populace there
wished also to kill the king. But the orders of his sons
prevailed in the royal house at Panpetak. The king
Qikab humbled himself before the people. Therefore
the people began again to kill those of the house of
Xahil. Again the king humbled himself before the
people, trying to appease them with his precious stones
and metals. He gave up the power of the rulers to the
people and divided with them his royal rights. The
heart of the king Qikab was bruised by his sons Tatayac
and Ah Itza, by that which they had done.. Therefore
the royal glory perished at the hands of the people of
all the classes, and the thirteen divisions and the powers
they held were given up, and the glory of the Quiches
was extinguished in the revolt against the orders of the
king Qikab. Then perished the ancient glory of the
nation, O you my children ; for since then the people
acted, and the king is made such by the people. Truly
they had then pity for the king, for the thirteen tribes
having obtained the power, the contest of the Quiches
was ended ; but when it was near its end, it suddenly
broke out anew among our fathers.
Another Revolt Follows.
82. Then another revolt began against the four leaders
— Huntoh, Vukubatz, Chuluc and Xitamal Queh. It was
a woman who was the occasion of this revolt with the
Zotzils Tukuches, a woman named Nimapam Xcacauh,
and she caused the revolt. This woman had come to
sell bread in the town of Gumarcah, and one of the guards
of the Quiche prince had tried to take the bread from her
by force ; the woman had refused to give up the bread
to the guard, and the man was driven away with a stick
by the woman. Then they wished to take and kill the
man on account of this woman, Nimapan Xcacauh.
Therefore the contest was started by the Quiches ; the
Quiches wished that the woman should be killed. But
J
qui yon tanti quiban labal tiquina.
vichin : mixrayx valabil nu vinak nu xit nu pavak, quere
viri mixkaban yvuquin, chi toloba can tinamit chiquivach
the woman was not surrendered to the Quiches by our
ancestors Huntoh and Vucubatz. The Quiches, there-
fore, wished to humble these princes, and they wished to
make the king Qikab do this. In anger the Quiches
called a council and said: "Only the Ahpozotzils and
the Ahpoxahils have obtained the glory and the power ;
let us kill them, for only Huntoh and Vukubatz have
glory." Thus did the people speak to our ancestors.
They wished to tempt the king Qikab to harass and slay
the Zotzil Tukuches. But the king would not listen to
the words of the Quiches. Truly the heart of the ruler
was with Huntoh and Vukubatz. For truly great was
the knowledge of Qikab and marvelous the power of this
ruler. Not only was he a king in majesty, but also he
overawed by his learning and the depth of his spirit,
derived from TuUan. Therefore when the people saw
his wisdom, they sought not to instruct him ; they troubled
not his majesty nor accepted the words of the king, but
pursued alone the war which they had wished.
The Orders which were Given to the Rulers.
83. Then the king sent his messenger to announce to
the rulers that the Quiches had resolved on the death of
the Zotzil Tukuches. At the same time he sent to the
rulers that they should come during the night, and the
king Qikab spoke in these terms to the rulers Huntoh
and Vukubatz: "It is neither the beginning nor the end
of this war made against us, O my children. It has been
seen what they have done to me. They have robbed
me of my slaves, my family, my treasures, my precious
metals. They wish to do the same with you. Go forth,
therefore, my children, my younger brothers, my elder
brothers." Then he gave his orders : " The lot is cast.
Cease at once from the exercise of a power which you
should share with me. Abandon this city to the revolted
populace. Let your words no more be heard, my chil-
dren. Go to where you can establish yourselves, to Ix-
140 ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS,
ahaua, querela xtakeh vi rutzih ahauh ri cuma ka mama.
imche, on the Ratzamut. Build there houses and a city,
and construct a road on which all the people may pass
and rest. Abandon Chiavar. As for you, people, if you
succeed, may my words come to you as a curse." Thus
spoke the king Qikab to our ancestors. Then the com-
mands were given to the rulers, and the words of the
king were sent to our ancestors. Nor did the Quiches
oppose them.
This is When they Went Forth frotn Chiavar.
84. It was on the 1 3th day of the month Yg that they
abandoned the town of Chiavar, when our ancestors were
forced to leave Chiavar and Tzupitagah. On the 13th
Yg they descended, burning many roads. On the ist
Akbal they halted, still burning the roads, which made
twice that they burned them, after which they established
the town of Iximche, on the Ratzamut; they founded
the town of Iximche; then settled there our ancestors
Huntoh, Vukubatz, Chuluc and Xitamal Queh, these four
rulers, the sovereigns of the Cakchiquel people. As soon
as they were settled, they placed themselves in readiness
for war with the Quiches, and our ancestors built a
stronghold. All the people rejoiced at the establishment
of the city by these illustrious heroes, the rulers Huntoh
and Vukubatz ; for they had fought on the side of the
king Qikab. Therefore all the warriors of the seven
nations rejoiced. The Quiches could do nothing more,
and soon all the cities recovered their power. Messen-
gers of the seven nations came to the Ahpozotzils and
the Ahpoxahils, and all the warriors said : " You have
done well to leave Chiavar, my brother, my elder; well
done, Ahpozotzil and Ahpoxahil ; you have done well
to come here to Iximche. There was but one brave man
with Cavek and the Quiches, there was but one royal
heart with them ; but hereafter he will not go to war with
the Quiches." Such was the speech of all the seven
nations when they came to visit the rulers. All the
warriors of the seven nations gave their words, when the
yail Ah Xivanul ah Chakihya ri, ah San Gregorio ah
Santo Thomas rubi vacami.
naek cahi ahaua mani qui covil ri e cay ahaua Chuluc
Qui camibal aJiaua vae.
xecam ahaua.
city of Iximche was founded, that they would separate
from the Quiches and would not form an alliance with
them. Therefore, my children, when our ancestors founded
the city of Iximche, the war of the Quiches against the
Cakchiquels had not begun. They had but gazed at each
other. Our ancestors first took the sword in hand. When
war was declared against the Quiches by our ancestors
Huntoh and Vukubatz,the people of Qizqab had inhabited
for a long time the towns of Chakihya and Xivanul, and
our people were settled at Xechibohoy and at Xechituh.
Soon after the Quiches were established, two of their
strongholds were seized by our ancestors ; Qizqab having
been killed by our ancestors at Xechituh, the Quiches
abandoned Chakihya and Xivanul. The Quiches were
frightened at seeing the war begin with the death of
Qizqab at Xechituh by the orders of the rulers. The
Quiches then went down to the streams of those of
Xivanul and of Chakihya, which are called at present
San Gregorio and Santo Thomas.
85. Then the rulers Huntoh and Vukubatz assigned
to the chiefs of the seven nations all their tributaries,
that is to say, the people of Popoya. Pancag, Holom,
Mixco and Tamyac, all of whom were Pokomams ; as for
those on the plains, the subjects of Itziyule, Xeabah and
Zakquchabah, the two rulers, Huntoh and Vukubatz,
reserved these for themselves. The seven nations and
the chiefs were subjected to a tribute. There were four
rulers, but the two named Chuluc and Xitamal Queh
were not important. Soon afterwards our ancestors were
called majesties by all those of the seven nations, at the
time that the city of Iximche was founded. Thus disap-
peared the glory of the Quiches, said our fathers and
ancestors, O my children.
How the Riders Died,
86. The first who died was the ruler Huntoh; then
the ruler Vukubatz died.' Our ancestors had enlarged
the city when they died.
Tohin xbe tzak Tucuru Cakixala rubi huyu xtzakvi ;
Queh rubi roo ; Nima Ahin ru vakuk ; Xavi Ahin rubi
achiha ree ronohel ka mama.
quetamabal xa maqui meztah rutzih qui tata qui mama.
ahauh Lahuhah. Ok xoc chic ahauh Cablahuh Tihax
nima teuh xcamigan avan pan Uchum, xyaar avan ruma
teuh, querela X9ach vi echa ri, que cha ri y mama,
ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS, 145
87. Then began to reign the ruler Lahuh Ah, first of
the sons of the ruler Huntoh.
88. At the same time reigned the ruler Oxlahuh Tzii,
oldest son of the king Vukubatz. These are the nine
rulers begotten by our ancestor, the chief Cibakihay: —
Ximox was the name of the wife of Vukubatz ; Oxla-
huh Tzii was her eldest son; the chief Cablahuh Batz was
the second ; Chopena Tohin was the third ; Chopena
Tziquin Uqa was the fourth. These last two ancestors
perished in battle. Chopena Tohin was slain at the place
called Tukuru Cakixala, and Panatacat was the spot where
fell Chopena Tziquin Uqa. Chopena Queh was the fifth;
Nima Ahin was the sixth ; Xavi Ahin was the name of
the seventh, and Caok and Qatu were the two others.
All these ancestors of ours were equally illustrious.
89. These kings, our ancestors, Oxlahuh tzii, and
Lahuh ah, truly they frightened by their bravery, they
frightened by their knowledge, for they had not forgotten
the words of their fathers and ancestors. The hearts of
their subjects were calm when these princes assumed the
power, and they exerted authority and control. They
had made many and great wars when the king Lahuh ah
died. Then came the king named Cablahuh Tihax, oldest
son of the king Lahuh ah; but Oxlahuh tzii continued to
reign, Cablahuh Tihax ruling jointly with him. In truth,
the glory of these rulers was not fully established until
after the death of Qikab, when the magician-ruler of
Quiche and the Quiches recommenced the war with the
Cakchiquels. At that time there ruled at Quiche Tepepul
and Iztayul, and the Quiches regarded with jealousy the
city of Iximche. At that time there occurred a great
famine, brought about by great cold, which had destroyed
the harvests in the month Uchum, and the harvests were
lost through this cold. For this reason, say our ances-
tors, the food was all consumed, A fugitive Cakchiquel
■CJNiVERsi
Ru petebal vae.
ok xpeul chiri.
tinamit, xtoquebex, kitzih tixibin mixpeul, maqui xa hu
chuvy ca chuvy achiha, xcha ri achi anom ok xul Cak-
informed the Quiches of this, bringing to the Quiches
the news of this famine: and this man said: "Truly, it
is a great famine, and the people cannot suffer the pains
of this hunger." So he said on arriving among the
Quiches. Therefore the death of the Cakchiquels was
decided on by the Quiches, and destruction was in their
hearts.
What Took Place.
90. Then took place the defeat at the town of Gumar-
caah and the humiliation of all the princes. They brought
out their god Tohohil and the people came in crowds ;
the multitude was innumerable ; it was not merely in
battalions of eight thousand and sixteen thousand men,
but they came by villages and districts. They came in
battle array, with their bows, their armor and their
weapons, their brilliant plumes, their shining circlets,
their head decorated with crowns of gold and precious
stones ; this was the manner of their coming.
91. It was on the day loth Tzy that occurred the
destruction of the Quiches at Iximche; but the news of
it had not yet reached our ancestors, Oxlahu tzii and
Cablahuh Tihax, when the Quiches came to destroy the
Zotzil Tukuches. A fugitive came bearing to the chiefs
the news that they were to be slain : " Day after to-morrow
they will slay you. All the Quiche nation will come to
slay and destroy the people of the city, which they will
enter by force ; truly their entry will be terrible, for they
are many more than eight thousand or sixteen thousand
men." Thus spoke this fugitive when he arrived among
the Cakchiquels. The chiefs immediately assembled in
council and said : " Listen ! It is a good thing that we
are to measure ourselves against the Quiches." Thus
spoke the chiefs. Immediately they sent forth messen-
gers. One division of the people formed and went forth
to meet the Quiches, and the inhabitants alone went forth
to battle. They went by the main road to the summit
chicamic, mahilam maqui xahu chuvy, ca chuvy chi
of the mountain, burning everything on the way. They
met in conflict the battahons from Tibaqoy and Raxakan,
and closed the road to those of Galeah, of Pazaki uleuh
and Ginoma.
92. Then all the men took up their bows, their shields
and various weapons, awaiting the arrival of the enemies.
The Destruction of the Quiches.
93. When the dawn appeared, they (the Quiches) de-
scended from the hills, the cries and shouts of war broke
forth, the banners were displayed ; then were heard the
drums, the trumpets and the conches of the combatants.
Truly this descent of the Quiches was terrible. They
advanced rapidly in rank, and one might see afar off their
bands following one another, descending the mountain.
They soon reached the banks of the river, the houses by
the water. They were followed by the chiefs Tepepul
and Iztayul, accompanying the god. Then it was that
the battalions met. Truly the encounter was terrible.
The cries and the shouts, the noise of the drums, the
trumpets and the conches resounded, mingled with the
enchantments of the heroes. The Quiches were routed
in all directions, not one fought, they were put to flight
and delivered over to death, and no one could count their
slain. A great number of them were taken prisoners,
together with the kings Tepepul and Iztayul, who de-
livered up their god. Thus the Galel-achi, the Ahpop-
achi, the grandson and son of the chief jeweler, the
treasurer, the secretary and the chief engraver and all
the people were put to the sword. The Quiches who
were then killed by the Cakchiquels were not counted
by eight thousand or sixteen thousand ; so said our
fathers and ancestors, O my children. Such were the
deeds of the kings Oxlahuh Tzy and Cablahuh Tihax, as
also of Vooymox and Rokelbatzin. Thus, and not other-
wise, did they make glorious the city of Iximche.
Moh, Chicumcuat).
tah rachihilal ahauh vican nu mama, ka hunamah chic ka
mixpe cani ti ka chup ru vach maqui ti kelegah chic kivi
vachitah ruma ulamach puvaka, raponic xehuna cauh.
Vue quinul vue maqui chic quinul, vue yn camel ; vae
xquibe xcha can ahauh. Ok xpe ul cani xuna ahauh, ki
The Death of the Chief Ychal {A7nolac, Lahuh
Noh, and ChiczimcMat).
94. Meanwhile the Akahals occupied the towns Ho-
lom, Guguhuyu and Qaxqan, having for king Ychal
Amollac. Messengers were sent to him by the kings
Oxlahuh tzii and Cablahuh Tikax, with the order that he
should come down, and they said : " Let the bravery of
the king be made manifest to our ancients, let us measure
with him our bows and our shields. The Quiches wished
to try their arms against our ravine and our city, and
we have dealt with the Quiches. Let us now try this
one in war; let the king come and show his valor."
Thus did they say and sent this word to Ychal. The
heart of the king was soon resolved. " Let it be accord-
ing to the desire of the Ahpozotzils and Ahpoxahils. I
will increase my strength and I will go and show them
all my valor. I will go alone ; I will see what is the
place of the Cakchiquels ; I will go down to make war
with the descendants of my grandfather." Thus spoke
the king Ychal to the messengers.
95. The chiefs rejoiced when the words of Ychal
reached them, and the chiefs took counsel in words
against Ychal : " It is well that he be hidden from the
light, that we disobey not the Demon on account of
Ychal." Thus spoke the princes. Then his death was
resolved upon by our ancestors — Hunahpu Tzian, Nima-
zahay, Ahciqahuh, Qhooc Tacatic, Tzimahi Piaculcan and
Xumak Cham, who were envious of his person on account
of the riches that he had, and the height to which he had
raised his courage.
96. Then the king Ychal went forth, and a great num-
ber of distinguished warriors went with the king. He
was profound in knowledge, and he left these words to
turn, my death is at hand." The king departed, saying
these words. When it was known that the king was on
na 4ak, chun qakcab quixbanon quix vikon baka ki
tok relic chic ahauh lahuh Noh.
Yximchee, hiquihbem chic ru camic, banoninak chic
Ru camibal chic Caoke vae.
the road, the people came to carry him on their shoulders.
When he heard them he said : " Look to your walls ;
look to your lime and your war paint ; be prepared and
your arms at hand, that you appear not cast down before
the Zotzil Tukuches." Thus he spoke to his warriors,
and they returned in midway to their houses and vil-
lages. The chief came on the day loth Noh.
97. His face was sorrowful as he entered the city of
Iximche, where they were consulting of his death. It
had been decided upon by the chiefs when he came. At
his arrival he was called to the council, but no sooner
was he entered than he was slain, and his brave com-
panions with him. His cup bearer was seized as soon
as he entered, and was slain, as of the Akahal nation.
Thus perished Ychal Amolac at Iximche. These are the
names of the warriors who perished with him, all distin-
guished men : Zoroch, Hukahic, Tameltoh, Huvurahbix,
Vailgahol ; thus they were called, these noble men, who
Went forth to die with him. Thus it came that the city
of Holom was conquered, as also the towns of Qaxqan,
Ralabalyq, Guguhuyu and Vukucivan, where dwelt many
people of the Akahal nation. All the towns finished by
yielding to the arms of the kings Oxlahuh tzy and
Cablahuh Tihax. Desiring to repeople Xerahapit, the
Akahal nation were transferred there, and there they
bewailed their dead.
The Death of Caoke.
98. At Paraxtunya, Belehe gih by name was chief He
had made an alliance with the chief Voocaok, the Ahtzi-
quinahay. Caoke was inclined to war, and war was in
his heart. Having built a stronghold with ditches, Be-
lehe gih desired the supreme power. The kings Oxla-
huh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax learning these preparations
for war, said : " Truly there is an evil mind in the chiefs
Ahtziquinahay and Belehe gih. They have turned war
toward us, and the chief Caoke has already in his heart
lahuh Tihax, xa nima tahinak chic ahauh, tok xelahibex
assumed the supreme power. Let us give them war."
So said the chieftains, and from that time the death of
Caoke was resolved upon. Warriors set out to slay him.
But Caoke was brave, and, far from yielding, thirteen
times he descended from his town and for thirteen days
endeavored to save his life. Finally the town of Parax-
tunya having been assaulted, it was captured by our an-
cestors Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax, who put to
death all whom we have named.
Then the Revolt Took Place at Iximche.
99. A question of land was the real cause of the
struggle, when the Akahals strove with the Tukuches,
because the* harvests of the Akahals had been destroyed
by the Tukuches. Those who beat the persons injuring
the harvests were seized at the point of Chiqib, the place
where this took place among those men of old,
100. The judges in this affair were the kings Cablahuh
Tihax and Oxlahuh tzy, for the Tukuches; and for the
Akahals, the Tukuche chief called Cay Hunahpu, the
head chief Cavek, and the chiefs Qiriayu and Toxqom-
n-oh. One could see in Cay Hunahpu the demeanor of
supreme power, and he had many vassals ; but the Ah-
popzotzils and the Ahpopxahils refused to deliver up to
him the Akahals to be slain. For already in his heart
Cay Hunahpu had resolved to destroy the Akahals.
For this reason there was a revolt against Cablahuh Tihax
and Oxlahuh tzy, by the instigation of Cay Hunahpu;
for this chief disliked the Ahpopzotzil and the Ahpop-
xahil, and would have liked to rule alone. Thus the
revolt spread among the chiefs. The chief Cay Hunahpu
desired the revolt ; for this chief Cay Hunahpu had
resolved in his heart the revolt, and he could not be
satisfied until he had forced the kings Oxlahuh tzy and
Cablahuh Tihax to humble themselves that he might
become great. Then these princes did humble themselves,
that there should not be a conflict between their people,
xquina; querela kitzih xibin ri quichin ahaua xuna Cay
Cay Hunahpu, ha chi hulahuh Ah xban yuhuh : tok
quitzih ahaua ah Xechipeken, rahpop achi Cinahitoh
ru bi achi tan tachihir chiri Xechipeken.
Ru camibal Tukuchee va kitzih xyaar chi camic.
ahilam chi Tukuchee, mani xahu chuvy, ca chuvy. Tok
and they grieved deeply. Thus did Cay Hunahpu frighten
these two kings ; but he could not be satisfied without
using violence.
lOi. The day of the revolt was appointed by this chief,
Cay Hunahpu, and on this day, i ith Ah, the revolt broke
out. Then the Tukuches were drawn out of the city, to
the other side of the river, and all the Tukuche warriors
went there also, that they might enter the city; but the
warriors of the kings Cablahuh Tihax and Oxlahuh tzy
opposed them. One division of warriors was enough to
drive them off, encouraged by the words of the kings, a
division from Xechipeken ; and these of Xechipeken, with
their ruler the counselor Cinahitoh, distinguished them-
selves by their bravery.
The Destruction of the Tukuches, who were, in
fact, Massacred.
Paragraphs 6
the Tukuches began on the opposite side from the city,
and the drums and trumpets of the chief Cay Hunahpu
were heard. Then the warriors armed, and displayed
their brilliant feathers and shining banners, and gold and
precious stones. Then it began on the other side of the
river, and truly it was terrible for the number of the
Tukuches, who could not be counted by eight thousands
nor by sixteen thousands. The battle began before the
city, at the end of the bridge where Chucuybatzin, placed
at the head of the struggle by the Tukuches, had brought
the fighting. There were four women who had armed
themselves with lances and bows, and taken part in the
battle, fully equal to four young men. The arrows
launched by these heroines struck the very mat of
Chucuybatzin. Truly it was a terrible revolt which the
chiefs made of old. The chiefs of the battle afterwards
set up the images of these women before the buildings
of the Zotzils and the Xahils, whence these women had
gone forth. As they departed, there suddenly appeared
achiha, xyaar yxok aqual chi camic, xuyari ahauh Cay
105. Ru vaklahu vinak, ok tiban yuhuh, xcam chic
Cinahitoh, xax rah rumah ahauh atzih vinak Ahmoxnay,
achiha xcam pa tinamit chi hulahuh Can xban.
atzih vinak Ahmoxnay, chi hulahuh Akbal, xa xuhaeh
coboyel ahaua, ha xcam ri ahauh.
a division in the high road near the deep trenches. It
rapidly scattered the warriors of Tibaqoy and Raxakan
on the high road. Only two of the men fell in this
encounter, and he who led them beyond the city to
prolong the combat was the same who had gained the
previous victory, the counselor Cinahitoh of Xechipeken,
103. Then began a general attack on the Tukuches;
they were cut to pieces at once; no one resisted; the
rout was complete; men, women and children were given
up to slaughter. The chief Cay Hunahpu was slain;
the chiefs Tziriniyu and Toxqom Noh all perished, as
well as their fathers and children. Immediately those of
Tibaqoy and Raxakan retired, partly to Quiche, partly
among the Tzutuhils. They mingled with their subjects
and were thus dispersed. Such was the destruction of
the Tukuches, in old times, O my children. It was our
ancestors Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax who, on the
day nth Ah, undertook and accomplished the dispersion
of the Tukuches.
104. Thirty-one days after the revolt, as the Quiches
desired to destroy those of Tibaqoy, these Tukuches
removed to Chiavar and put to death the Quiches, who
yielded in a battle at a place named Yaxontzui, on the
day 9th Caok.
105. On the 36th day after the revolt Cinahitoh
perished, because he coveted the position of the orator
Ahmoxnay. Cinahitoh wished to exercise the power
alone, above the chieftains, therefore Cinahitoh was con-
demned by all the chiefs, and his death was carried into
effect in the city on the day nth Can.
106. One year less ten days after the revolt was hanged
the chief orator Ahmoxnay on the day i ith Akbal. This
chief perished because he had stopped the messengers of
the ruler.
Chi vahxaki Ah xel huna yuhuh.
chirih Cakchiquel.
Chi voo Ah xel ru caba ru banic yuhuh.
Chi cay Ah xel oxi huna ru banic yuhuh.
Cablahuh Ah xel ru cah huna yuhuh.
109. Chupam voo huna xcam chic Ah Mixcu tzukul
chi Vuku Carney, xka ru tinamit Ah Mixcu, xyaar chi
camic ruma achiha.
chu vach huyu.
The day 8 Ah was one year after the Revolt.
107. It was not much less than two years after the
defeat of the Tukuches, when the Tzutuhils were defeated
at Zakcab on the day ist Ahmak. The Tzutuhils were
cut to pieces and their rulers Nahtihay and Ahqibihay
were slain. Only Vookaok, the Ahtziquinahay, could
not be conquered, and he tried his fortune against the
Cakchiquels.
The day 5 Ah was two years after the Revolt.
The day 2 Ah was three years after the Revolt.
108. On the day 3 Queh there was a revolt in Quiche.
The Tukuches went to take part, and joined in the revolt
in Quiche.
The day 12 Ah completed the fourth year after the
Revolt.
109. During the fifth year those of Mixco were put
to death; being tributaries of the king Cablahuh Tihax,
they wished to make themselves independent. On the
day 7 Camay, the town of Mixco was taken and its
inhabitants slain by the chiefs.
no. At the same time were put to death the Yaquis
of Xivico, because they had taken part with the king
Vookaok, Chief of the Akahals, this nation of the Aka-
hals having begun to lift itself before the town, desiring
to obtain power.
III. Six days were wanting to complete five years from
the revolt when the Akahals were cut in pieces before the
town, with their king, because they wished to be inde-
pendent of the town.
Chi belehe Ah, xel voo huna rubanic yuhuh.
Vakaki Ah, xel ruvakah yuhuh.
Chi oxi Ah, xel ruvuk huna yuhuh.
hile, ruma ah Xeynup, Xepalica, xe yaar vi chicamic,
Chi oxiahuh Ah, xel vahxaka yuhuh.
Chi lahuh Ah, xel ru beleh huna.
chi vahxaki Ymox xban,
Chi vuku Ah, ru lauha rubanic yuhuh.
Chi cahi Ah, xel ru hulauha.
Chi Hun ah, ru cablauha.
mama ; chi oxi Ahmak xcam ahauh, kitzih chi tixibin ru
The 9 Ah completed the fifth year after the Revolt.
The 6 Ah completed the sixth year after the Revolt.
On the 3 Ah there were seven years from the Revolt.
112. In the eighth year after the revolt, the Tzutuhils
were defeated by those of Xeynup and Xepalica ; they
were slaughtered, Zakbin and Ahmak having perished in
the action on the day 13 Ahmak.
On the day 1 3 Ah there were eight years from the re-
volt.
On 10 Ah there were nine years from the revolt.
113. Twelve days were lacking to complete the tenth
year after the revolt when the Cakchiquels put on their
shields on account of the king our ancestor, Oxlahuh tzy ;
for truly he showed great power in making all the
seven nations come to Iximche, which he did on the day
8 Imox.
The day 7 Ah completed the tenth year after the Re-
volt.
On 4 Ah there were eleven years from the Revolt.
On I Ah there were twelve years.
On 1 1 Ah there were thirteen years from the revolt
(of the Ahpozotzils).
114. On the day 13 Tziquin died the princess Voo-
queh who had married Lahuh Tihax, son of Qikab.
Little was lacking to complete the fourteenth year after
the Revolt when the king our ancestor Oxlahuh tzy also
died. He died on the day 13 Ahmak. Truly this king had
made himself feared by his power ; never was his power
Ey xcam ahauh.
Toh xeul Yaqui ru gamahel ahauh Modecgumatzin
rahaual Ah Mexicu.
Chi cay Ah, xel ru vaklauha ru banic yuhuh.
or his grandeur diminished ; he undertook many wars
and conquered many cities. These are the children he
begat : —
115. Hunyg was the name of his first son, and he ob-
tained the power when the king Oxlahuh tzy his father
died, and all four of the tribes gave their consent that
Hunyg should be chief Vakaki Ahmak was the name
of the second son ; Noh was the third ; Beleheqat the
fourth ; Imox the fifth , Maku Xguhay was the name of
the queen, wife of the king Oxlahuh tzy. She had three
children, oldest of whom was the king Hunyg. He had
also two other wives, each of whom was mother of part
of the children of the king ; and the mother of the king
(Hunyg) had also Beleheqat.
The day 8 Ah completed the 14th year after the Re-
volt.
116. Then died the king Cablahuh Tihax ; this king
died on the day 4 Ey.
The day 5 Ah completed the 15 th year after the re-
volt.
117. Then began also to reign the king Lahuh Noh,
eldest son of the king Cablahuh Tihax. At this time
the Yaquis of Culuacan were received by the kings
Hunyg and Lahuh Noh. The Yaquis arrived on the
day I Toh, sent by the king Modeczumatzin, king of
the Mexicans.
118. And we ourselves saw these Yaquis of Culuacan
when they arrived ; and they came in old times in great
number, these Yaquis, O my children, during the reign
of our ancestor Hunyg and Lahuh Noh.
The day 2 Ah completed the i6th year after the Re-
volt.
Chi cablahuh Ah, xel ru vuklauha ru banic yuhuh.
Chi belehe Ah, xel chic vahxaklauha yuhuh.
chi Yximchee, kitzih tixibin chi chicop.
Chi vahxaki Ah xel beleh lauha yuhuh.
labal chiri.
119. During the year the war broke out afresh with
the Quiches. On the day 8 Ganel Quiche was entered
and taken when Hunyg our ancestor was ruHng, a great
counselor and ancient man, when the war entered Quiche,
O my children. Those who began this war at Quiche were
the old men, the counselor Balam,the counselor Ygich, and
the noble Qatu ; and many Quiches perished through
them. But not thus did our fathers and ancestors ac-
quire their power.
The day 12 Ah completed the 17th year after the Re-
volt.
The day 9 Ah completed the i8th year after the Re-
volt.
120. During this year the beasts and doves came out
of the forests, and on the day 3 Caok the doves passed
over the city of Iximche, and truly it was terrifying to
see the beasts.
Paragraphs 7
to come from the woods, the locusts came. It was on the
day 2 Yg that they passed over the city, and really it
was terrifying to see them pass.
122. About that time nine persons perished in a fire
at Iximche ; on the day 4 Carney the city was injured
by fire. The king Hunyg was at the time absent on
the other side of the river ; our fathers and ancestors were
also absent. But when the city burned, we saw it all,
we, my children.
The day 8 Ah completed the 19th year after the Re-
volt.
123. During tlie year the Quiche men were destroyed
near the river of the Tzotzils, by our ancestors ; a great
number of other principal men were conquered when
this war occurred.
camic xquiban tzatz teleche xoc pe cuma y mama.
yuhuh.
quebano labal ri y mama, rahpop achi Balam rahpop achi
xoc pe chucohol ri nimak labal mixkabijh can.
Chi vuku Ah xel roxa ru camay yuhuh.
Chi cahi Ah xel chic ru caha yuhuh.
124. The Quiches were again beaten and suffered loss
at Mukche, because they entered there. A great number
of their principal counselors and nobles were lost ; many-
were put to death slowly, and many were taken pris-
oners by our ancestors.
The day 3 Ah completed one cycle after the death of
the revolted Tukuches.
With the day 1 3 Ah, another year was completed.
125. During this year they took up their shields on
the Cakhay on account of the king Lahuh Noh. On the
day 8 Ganel the fortress was occupied and truly the chiefs
made their great power felt. All those of the seven
nations came with Hunyg and Lahuh Noh, to make war,
and it was also made by the ancients, the Counselor
Balam and the Galel-achi Qatu.
A second year was completed on the day 10 Ah, after
the Revolt.
126. During this year the Quiches were again de-
feated by our fathers and ancestors. The battle was
gained by the arms and the bravery of those of Cokola-
hay, whose divisions met face to face the leader of the
Quiches and his warriors. There was slain Yaxonkik
son of the Prince Ahpoptuh. Many warriors were slain;
therefore great was the majesty of our ancestors, O my
children ; and they also made many prisoners in this
great war of which we speak.
On the day 7 Ah, was completed the third year of the
second cycle after the Revolt,
On the day 4 Ah was completed the fourth year after
the Revolt.
camic xpe pa ru vi vinak, mani yabim viri quere ri
129. Xcavinak ok xtiquer yauabil, tok xecam ka tata
yxiquin mama.
camic. Tok xecam ka tata ka mama, xax be tzak chi el
vinak ; tixibin chi camic xecamigan ymama, herach
Rupoyibal alaxic.
AJSTNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS. 171
127. In the course of the fifth year the pestilence began,
O my children. First there was a cough, then the blood
was corrupted, and the urine became yellow. The number
of deaths at this time was truly terrible. The Chief
Vakaki Ahmak died, and we ourselves were plunged in
great darkness and great grief, our fathers and ancestors
having contracted the plague, O my children.
On the day i Ah there were one cycle and 5 years
from the Revolt, and the pestilence spread.
128. In this year the pestilence spread, and then died
our ancestor Diego Juan. On the day 5 Ah war was
carried to Panatacat by our ancestor, and then began the
spread of the pestilence. Truly the number of deaths
among the people was terrible, nor did the people escape
from the pestilence.
129. Forty were seized with the sickness; then died
our father and ancestor; on the day 14 Camey died the
king Hunyg, your grandfather.
130. But two days afterward died our father, the Coun-
selor Balam, one of the ancients, O my children. The
ancients and the fathers died alike, and the stench was
such that men died of it alone. Then perished our
fathers and ancestors. Half the people threw them-
selves into the ravines, and the dogs and foxes lived on
the bodies of the men. The fear of death destroyed
the old people, and the oldest son of the king died at
the same time as his young brother. Thus did we
become poor, O my children, and thus did we survive,
being but a little child — and we were all that remained.
Hence the putting aside of our claims.
Names of {our) Ancestors, Sons of the King.
131. The counselor Balam, the oldest son of the king
Hunyg, was already distinguished before the face of
the chieftains when he died by the great plague.
132. Ahmak was the name of the second son. His
son is Don Pedro Solis. Tohin was the third. There is
no record of him, as he died with the king and our three
fathers.
133. Our father Francisco, the counselor Tzian, was
the fourth son.
1 34. Balam was the fifth son ; there is no record of
him.
135. Ahtzalam Hunahpu was the sixth son. He was
saved from the plague with our three other ancestors.
As for us, we were then little children, and we all escaped,
and we saw all the pestilence, O my children. These are
the names of our female ancestors : the first wife of king
Hunyg was the queen Chuvytzut ; she had three sons,
our father, the father of Don Pedro Solis, and Tohin,
who left no children. The queen Chuvytzut being dead,
the queen Xgekaqueh, the female Ahtziquinahay, took
her place. She was the mother of the Counselor Tzian
Balam, and these were her two children.
136. A hundred days after the death of the kings
Hunyg and Lahuh Noh, there were elected as kings Cahi
Ymox and Belehe Qat, on the day i Can. For Belehe
Qat alone remained. As for us we were little boys and
our elders did not choose any of us. Tzian and Balam,
the only other descendants of Hunyg, were also young.
Belehe Qat was therefore chosen to rule but only as heir
apparent, the orator Baqahol declaring that it was not
proper that he should take the supreme rule. The honor
ahauarem ri.
ruma yuhuh, xul qui yaca el achiha.
Chi hulahuh Ah, xel humay vaka yuhuh.
of the royalty was decreed to Belehe Qat ; but the orator
Baqahol desired that the real chief should be our ances-
tor Tzian ; therefore he entered into power.
What Took Place in the Sixth Year.
137. Twenty days after the chiefs began to rule there
was an insurrection against the Ahtziquinahay. It oc-
curred on the day 10 Queh, and the chiefs Ahtziquina-
hay apd Qicihay went to Iximche on account of the
revolt, coming to raise soldiers.
138. Twelve of the Tzutuhil villages were destroyed
by the Tzotzil Tukuches on the day 1 1 Ymox and the
Tzutuhils were slain. Very many were taken prisoners.
Therefore the Tzutuhils in fear of death were made to
give up their treasures and the town of Xepoyom was
taken. Then returned the chiefs Tepepul Ahtziquinahay
and Tzizihay to their homes.
139. At that time the people of Xecaka abah, all of
whom had been driven forth, were aided by the Cakchi-
quels. Many Tzutuhils also came to the villages to make
war against the Ahtziquinahay, and those of Pacaval, and
wished to join forces, their warriors having been pro-
voked by the people of Pacaval.
140. On the day 9 Batz there was slaughter at the
rock of Lakam at Chitulul. Not many warriors took
part. Only the men of Belehe qat and Cahi Ymox were
engaged.
On the day 1 1 Ah there were 26 years from the Revolt.
Paragraphs 8
and ancestors died of the plague.
142. In this year we married your mother, O my chil
hol, xhunabir ok quecam y mama ; chi cablahuh Toh xoh
Chi vahxaki Ah xel ru vuka vuhuh.
Chi voo Ah xel humay vahxaka.
Culibal Castilan viiiak Xetulul vae.
xcavinak ok rubeleha, ok xeul Castilan vinak Xepit
Castilan vinak, Tunatiuh Avilantaro rubi, cahaual ri ki
vinak chuvach pe Xelahub.
Tunatiuh.
dren, one year after the death of your grandfather. We
took her to wife on the day 12 Toh.
On the day 8 Ah was completed the 7th year from the
Revolt.
143. During this year the Quiche war ceased ; the
Quiche war ceased on the i ith.
On the day 5 Ah was the eighth year of the first cycle.
The Arrival of the Castilians at Xetulul.
rived. Forty-nine years have passed since the Castilians
came to Xepit and Xetulul. On the day i Ganel the
Quiches were destroyed by the Castilians. Tunatiuh
Avilantaro, as he was called, conquered all the towns.
Their countenances were previously unknown and the
people rendered homage to sticks and stones.
145. On their arrival at Xelahub, the Quiche nation
was routed and destroyed. All of them had hastened
there to oppose the Castilians ; and there the Quiche
nation was destroyed, in front of Xelahub.
146. He then went to the city Gumarcaah, and there
came before him the chiefs, the king and the next in rank,
and tribute was paid by the Quiches ; and the chiefs
suffered many torments from Tunatiuh.
147. On the day 4 Qat three chiefs, the king and the
next in rank were burned alive by Tunatiuh, nor was the
heart of Tunatiuh satisfied with war. Soon a messenger
from Tunatiuh came to the chiefs that they should send
him warriors : " Let the warriors of the Ahpozotzils
and Ahpoxahils come to the slaughter of the Quiches ! "
CALIFC
Haok ki xul chi Yximche vae.
pa tinamit chi Yximchee, Tunatiuh ru bi cahaval ; cani
pa tinamit, mani labal, xati quicot Tunatiuh ok ki xul
chi Yximchee. Querela tok xul Castilan vinak ri oher,
bal ri.
ruma Castilan vinak, ha chi vuku Camey xcamigax
ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS, 179
So Spoke the messenger of Tunatiuh to the chiefs. Im-
mediately the words of Tunatiuh were published, and
400 men went forth to the slaughter of the Quiches ; but
they were only those of the city, the other warriors re-
fusing to obey the chiefs. Only three times did the war-
riors go forth to enforce the tribute on the Quiches;
then we also were taken by Tunatiuh, O my children.
How They Now Cajne to Iximche.
148. It was on the day i Hunahpu when the Castil-
ians arrived at Iximche with their chief, Tunatiuh. The
people went forth to meet Tunatiuh with the chiefs Belehe
Qat and Cahi Ymox. Good was the heart of Tunatiuh
when he entered the city with the chiefs. There was no
fighting and Tunatiuh rejoiced when he entered Iximche.
Thus did the Castilians enter of yore, O my children ;
but it was a fearful thing when they entered ; their faces
were strange, and the chiefs took them for gods. We,
even we, your father, saw them when they first set foot
in Iximche, at the palace of Tzupam, where Tunatiuh
slept. The chief came forth, and truly he frightened the
warriors; he came from his chamber and called the
rulers : " Why do you make war with me, when I also
can make it?" said he. " Not at all. Why should so
many warriors find their death ? Do you see any pitfalls
among them ? " So replied the chiefs, and he went to
the house of the chief Chicbal.
149. Then Tunatiuh agreed to join the chiefs in their
wars, and the chiefs said to him : — " O thou God, we
have two wars, one with the Tzutuhils, one at Panatacat."
Thus spake the chiefs. Only five days after, Tunatiuh
went forth from the capital. Then the Tzutuhils were
conquered by the Castilians. It was the day 7 Camey
that the Tzutuhils were destroyed by the Castilians.
ha chi cay Queh xcam Atacat ruma Castilan vinak
Yaqui,
Cuzcatan, xa ru cavinak xbe ru bana Cuzcatan, ok xul
ahaua, xcha : Nak rumal maqui ti ya puvak chuvichin,
chuvach ; xax maqui vi xraho chic Tunatiuh, xa xcha : Ti
150. Twenty-five days afterwards Tunatiuh went forth
from the capital to Cuzcatan going there to destroy
Atacat. On the day 2 Queh, Atacat was slain by the
Castilians, with all his warriors. There went with Tuna-
tiuh all his Mexicans to this battle.
151. On the day 10 Hunahpu he returned from Cuz-
catan. He had been absent only 40 days to make the
conquest at Cuzcatan when he returned to the capital.
Then Tunatiuh asked for a daughter of one of the chiefs,
and she was given to Tunatiuh by the chiefs.
A Demand foi'- Money is made.
152. Then Tunatiuh began to ask the chiefs for money.
He wished that they should give him jars full of precious
metals, and even their drinking cups and crowns. Not
receiving anything, Tunatiuh became angry and said to
the chiefs: " Why have you not given me the metal?
If you do not bring me the precious metal in all your
towns, choose then, for I shall burn you alive and hang
you." Thus did he speak to the chiefs.
153. Then Tunatiuh cut from three of them the gold
ornaments they wore in their ears. The chiefs suffered
keenly from this violence, and wept before him. But
Tunatiuh was not troubled, and said : " I tell you that
I want the gold here within five days. Wo to you if
you do not give it. I know my heart." So said he to
the chiefs. The word was then given. The chiefs gath-
ered together all their metals, those of the parents and
children of the king, and all that the chiefs could get
from the people.
154. While they were gathering the gold for Tuna-
tiuh, a priest of the Demon showed himself: " I am the
lightning ; I will destroy the Castilians." So said he to
the chiefs. " I will destroy them by fire. When I beat
the drum let the chiefs come forth and go to the other
Haok ki xoh pax pa tinaniit vae.
xeel ahaua ; vue kitzih xticam Tunatiuh, quecha ; tan
xlauheher ok kopax pa tinamit, oki xtiquer labal ruma
Tunatiuh ; chi cahi Carney xtiquer ka camic ruma Cas-
tilah vinak, haok xtiquer pokonal chikih ; xoh pax xe
xel ru beleha.
Chi cay Ah, xel humay beleha ru banic yuhuh.
bank of the river. This I shall do on the day 7 Ah-
mak." Thus did this priest of the Demon speak to the
chiefs. Truly the chiefs thought that they should trust
in the words of this man. It was when they were gath-
ering the gold that we went forth.
How We went forth from the City.
155. The day 7 Ahmak was that of the going forth.
They deserted the city of Iximche on account of the
priest of the Demon, and the chiefs left it. " Yes, truly,
Tunatiuh shall die," said they. " There is no more war
in the heart of Tunatiuh, as he now rejoices in the gold
given him." Thus it was that our city was abandoned
on the day 7 Ahmak on account of a priest of the De-
mon, O my children.
156. But what the chiefs did was soon known to Tuna-
tiuh. Ten days after we had left the city, war was begun
by Tunatiuh. On the day 4 Camey began our destruc-
tion. Then began our misery. We scattered in the
forests ; all our towns were taken, O my children ; we
were slaughtered by Tunatiuh. The Castilians entered
the city and they arrived as to a deserted spot. From
that time the Castilians were hated by the Cakchiquels.
They made trenches, they dug pitfalls, that the horses
might be killed, and war was waged by their men. Many
men of the Castilians were slain, and many horses killed
in the pitfalls. The Quiches and Tzutuhils were de-
stroyed and all their villages ruined by the Cakchiquels.
Only thus did the Castilians let them live, and only thus
were they let live by all the villagers. One hundred and
eighty days after the desertion of the city of Iximche
was completed the ninth year (of the second cycle).
On the day 2 Ah was completed the 29th year after
the Revolt.
covil vinak.
xel mani xelah vinak chuvach ; xvakvinak ok ru caba
xuporoh can tinamit, vak vinak ru caba chi labal xbanok
xtzolih.
Chi cablahuh Ah xel humay lauha yuhuh.
Tunatiuh ok xul chic Castilan vinak Chij xot ; chi hun
Caok, xtiquer chic ka camic ruma Castilan vinak,
xa hala chic matel humay hulauha yuhuh ok xul chic
Chij xot.
161. Chupam huna chic vae, xavi tanti tahin labal ruma
Bulbuxya ruma Castilan vinak, vave chupam huna ki
xyaloh vi labal xmani vi xyao patan ruma ronohel huyu.
157. During the tenth year the war continued with
the Castilians. But the CastiHans having received aid
in this tenth year at Xepau, carried on the war with
such vigor that they destroyed the forces of the nation.
158. Tunatiuh then went forth from Xepau, and so
harassed us that the people would not come before
him. There were lacking one hundred and twenty days
to complete two years since we had abandoned the capi-
tal, now deserted, when Tunatiuh came there on his
march in order to set fire to the city. On the day 4
Camey, two years less six months after the beginning of
the war, he set fire to the capital and returned.
On the day 12 Ah was completed the 30th year after
the Revolt.
159. In the course of this year we breathed for a little,
as did also the kings Cahi Ymox and Belehe Qat. They
had not lost all hope before the Castilians, and they
maintained themselves at Holombalam, O my children.
160. One year and twenty days had passed since the
places had been made desolate by Tunatiuh, when the
Castilians arrived at Chiixot. On the day i Caok our
slaughter by the Castilians began. They fought with
the nation and persisted in war. Death ravaged us
again, but the whole country continued to refuse tribute.
There was not much lacking of the 31st year after the
revolt when they came to Chiixot.
On the day 9 Ah was completed the 31st year after
the Revolt.
Paragraphs 9
Castilians were engaged in war, Chiixot was abandoned.
Then Bulbuxya was occupied by the Castilians. During
this year the war was continued, but the whole country
refused the tribute,
M
186 ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS,
hol, haok xtiquer chic patanihic ; huley chivi chi pokon
chi camic xkaban,
Chi vakaki Ah, xel humay cablauha yuhuh.
163. Xvahxak vinak ok ru caba, toe patan ok xcam
ahauh Ahtun Cue Tihax, chi vakaki Akbal xcam. Xavi
chiri.
Chi oxi Ah, xel humay oxlauha.
vuku Ahmak xebokotah el ahaua, xeapon Paruyaal Chay,
Chi oxlahuh Ah xel humay cahlauha yuhuh.
The Beginning of the Tribute.
162. Three hundred days after Chiixot was taken, be-
gan the payment of tribute to the Captain by Chinta
Queh. It was here at Tzolola, on the day 6 Tzi, that
the tribute began. At that time was born my son.
Diego Pabo Cotanoh. Thou wert born, O my son, on
that day, 6 Tzi, on which the tribute began. Deep, in-
deed, were the sufferings we underwent to escape from
the wars, and twice we were on the point of losing our
life.
On the day 6 Ah was completed the 3 2d year after the
Revolt.
163. It was two years less one hundred and twenty
days after the beginning of the tribute when died the chief
Ahtun cue Tihax. He died on the day 6 Akbal. The
chiefs Ahpopzotzil and Ahpopxahil had not yet sub-
mitted.
On the day 3 Ah was completed the 33d year.
164. In the course of this year the chiefs Ahpopzotzil
and Ahpopxahil came before Tunatiuh. For eighty-six
days these chiefs had hid in the woods. Not only did
they wish to come forth, but their labors and sufferings
were known to Tunatiuh, and the memory of these chiefs
came to Tunatiuh. On the day 7 Ahmak the chiefs de-
cided to come forth. When they arrived at Paruyaal chay,
many chiefs, all the fathers of the chiefs and their sons,
and a multitude of people accompanied the chiefs. On
the day 8 Noh they reached Panchoy. Then Tunatiuh
rejoiced with the chiefs, when their faces were seen again
before Tunatiuh.
On the day 13 Ah was completed the 36th year after
the revolt.
[ / append the translation of the retnainder of what I believe to
be the original work [see Introduction, page j8) ; but as its contents
are of little general interest, I omit the text.]
165. During this year frightful imposts were levied;
they paid gold and silver before the face of Tunatiuh,
and there were demanded as tribute five hundred men
and five hundred women to go to the gold washings ;
all the people were busy seeking gold. Five hundred
men and five hundred women were also demanded by
Tunatiuh to aid in building Pangan for his princely resi-
dence. All that, yes, all that, we ourselves witnessed,
O my children.
On the loth Ah was completed the 35 th year after the
Revolt.
166. Forty days were lacking to complete three years
from the date of the submission of the kings when
Belehe Qat died. He died on the 7th Queh, when em-
ployed in washing for gold and silver. As soon as he
was dead Tunatiuh set to work to appoint his successor.
The prince Don Jorge was appointed by the sole com-
mand of Tunatiuh. There was no council held nor
assembly to confirm him. Tunatiuh gave his orders to
the princes and they obeyed him; for, truly, he made
himself feared.
On the 7th Ah was completed the 36th year after the
revolt.
167. Three hundred and forty days after the death of
Belehe Qat the princes were forced to place Don Jorge
in possession of the throne. His father was Don Juan
Xuares.
Oh the 4th Ah was completed the 37th year after the
revolt.
168. In the course of this year the king Cahi Ymox
Ahpozotzil withdrew and went to inhabit the capital. He
intended to separate from the others, because the tribute
had been imposed on all the chiefs, even on the king
himself
On the 1st Ah was completed the 38th year after the
revolt.
169. During this year Tunatiuh departed for Castile,
making new conquests on his road. Thus he destroyed
those of Tzutzumpan and of Choloma ; and many other
towns were destroyed by Tunatiuh. There occurred an
unheard of event at Tzutzumpan. I saw Hunahpu
tremble a litle while before the prince Mantunalo arrived
here. Tunatiuh went to Castile, leaving Tzutzumpan.
On the I ith Ah was completed the 39th year after the
revolt.
170. In the course of the year, on the nth Noh,
Prince Mantunalo arrived. The prince Mantunalo arrived
to relieve the nation from its sufferings ; the washing for
gold and silver promptly ceased, and the tribute of young
men and women ceased ; the burnings alive and the
hangings ceased, and, indeed, all the various acts of
violence of the Castilians and the imposts which they
had forcibly laid upon us. The roads were once more
frequented by travelers when the Prince Mantunalo
arrived, as they had been eight years before, when the
imposts were first laid upon us, O my children.
On the 8th Ah was completed the 40th year after the
revolt.
On the 5 th Ah was completed the first year of the
third cycle.
171. Before the close of the second year of the third
cycle, the prince Tunatiuh arrived, landing at Porto
Cavayo. When Tunatiuh came back from Castile with
the position of commander, each of us went before him
to receive him, O my children. It was then that he
killed with his sword the Ah-tzib Caok on account of his
lineage ; it was on the day 1 1 Ahmak that he killed the
Ah-tzib.
On the day 2 Ah was completed the second year of
the third cycle.
172. One hundred and twenty days after the death of
Ahtzib and of the return of Tunatiuh to Panchoy, the
prince Mantunalo departed, leaving Tunatiuh in com-
mand. Two hundred and sixty days after his return,
Tunatiuh hanged the king Ahpozotzil Cahi Ymox, on
the day 13 Ganel. They hanged with him Quixavit
Caok, by order of Tunatiuh.
On the day 12 Ah was completed the third year of the
third cycle.
173. Two hundred and eighty days after the execution
of the king Ahpozotzil he hanged Chuvy Tziquinu,
prince of the city, who had angered him. They hanged
him on the day 4 Can at Paxaya. They seized him on
the road and executed him secretly. Seventeen other
chiefs were hanged at the same time. On the day 4 Ig
the chief Chicbal, who had caused the death of Chuvy
Tziquinu, was hanged in his turn, and with him Nima-
bah and Quehchun. Meanwhile, Tunatiuh had left for
Xuchipillan, appointing as his lieutenant and to see to
the hangings, Don Francisco, who attended to them.
One hundred days after the prince Chicbal had been
hanged, came the news that Tunatiuh had met his death
at Xuchipillan.
On the day 9 Ah was completed the fourth year of the
third cycle after the revolt.
174. In the course of this year there was a great dis-
aster which destroyed the Castilians at Panchoy. On the
day 2 Tihax the waters burst from the mountain Hun-
ahpu, rushing out from the interior of the mountain,
and enveloped the Castilians in destruction. The wife
of Tunatiuh was then drowned.
When Our histruction Began.
One hundred and sixty days after this disaster there
arrived at our house our fathers of St. Dominic,
Brother Pedro Anculo and Brother Juan de Torres.
They arrived from Mexico on the day 12 Batz, and we
began to receive instruction from our fathers of St.
Dominic. Then also appeared the Doctrina in our
language. Our fathers, Brother Pedro and Brother Juan
were the first who taught us the word of God. Until
that time the word and the commandments of God were
unknown to us; we had lived in darkness, for no one had
spoken to us of the doctrine of God. There were also
the fathers of St. Francis, Father Alamicer and Father
Clerico, with those of St. Dominic, who spoke to us.
They translated the Doctrina into our language, and we
were soon instructed by them.
On the day 6 Ah was completed the fifth year of the
third cycle.
On the day 3 Ah was completed the sixth year of the
third cycle after the revolt.
On the day 1 3 Ah was completed the seventh year.
175. In the course of the year our fathers of St.
Dominic separated from those of St. Francis, on account
of ashes ; the latter went away. Ashes were not given
by our Fathers of St. Dominic ; therefore, those of St.
Francis went away.
On the day 10 Ah was completed the 8th year of the
third cycle.
On the day 7 Ah was completed the 9th year of the
third cycle after the revolt.
176. In the course of the year the licentiate Don Juan
Roxer arrived.
They Begin to Group the Houses.
One hundred and six days after they had really begun
to teach us the word of God, then they commenced to
gather together the houses in groups, by order of the
ruler, Juan Roser, and the people came forth from their
caves and ravines. On the day 7 Caok the capital was
repeopled, and we were there with all the tribes.
On the day 4 Ah was completed the loth year of the
third cycle after the revolt.
On the day i Ah was completed the nth year of the
third cycle after the revolt.
177. In the course of the year the President Cerrado
arrived, while the licentiate Pedro Ramirez was still here.
When he arrived he condemned the Castilians ; he set
free the slaves and prisoners of the Castilians, dimin-
ished by one-half the imposts, put an end to forced
labor, and obliged the Castilians to pay all for their
work, little or great. This Prince Cerrado truly solaced
the afflictions of our nation; for I, myself, O my children,
was a witness of the many miseries which we endured.
On the day 1 1 Ah was completed the 12th year of the
third cycle.
On the day 8 Ah was completed the 13th year of the
third cycle.
178. In the course of the year died the Ahtzib Juan
Perez; he died on the day 12 Tihax. Eighty days after
the death of the Ahtzib, there was an eruption of the
mountain Chigag ; it was on the day 9 Ah that the fire
appeared in the mountain.
On the day 5 Ah was completed the 14th year of the
third cycle.
179. During this year arrived tfie iron bell; it came
from the emperor of Castile ; it reached us on the day
3 Hunahpu, which was on a Friday. Twenty days after
the arrival of the iron bell, the licentiate Ramirez tried
to kill the prince bishop at Pangan, the governor Cerrado
being present. The door of the church was forced by
Ramirez. This took place on a day 2 Can, on a Thurs-
day. One hundred and sixty days after these leaders
had come to blows at Pangan, all our fathers of St.
Francis and St. Dominic came to blows in their turn at
Xelahub, the former having tried to wrest Xelahub from
the Dominicans.
On the day 2 Ah was completed the 15 th year of the
third cycle.
180. In the course of this year the locusts (grass-
hoppers) reappeared. It was on the day 12 Tziquin, the
day after the Visitation, that the grasshoppers came.
They passed over all parts of the country, and we saw
them with you, my children.
On the day 12 Ah was completed the i6th year of the
third cycle.
181. During the course of this year arrived the Presi-
dent Doctor Quexata; it was on a day 2 Hunahpu that
that ruler arrived here, coming from Mexico. They
were celebrating the feast of the circumcision. The
governor Cerrado was here when he arrived. When
the Doctor Quexata had almost arrived, the President
Cerrado died. There was but little between them.
Then the Doctor Quexata died. He did not condemn
any one, because he had no time. But the ruler Cerrado
condemned (the Castilians), for he did what was right.
About the same time died the chief Don Francisco
Ahpozotzil ; it was on the day i Can, a Monday, the I4t_h
day of the month October, that he died. It was in this
year that he died that the nativity of our Saviour Jesus
Christ came on the day i Batz.
On the day 9 Ah was completed the 17th year of the
third cycle. , • r i-*
182. Forty days after the death of the chief Don
Francisco, died our iFather Fray Domingo de Vico in
Acalan. Truly, with great tortures was he put to death
by the tribe. Twenty days after the death of our father
in Acalan, Father Fray Francisco de la Para was exiled
by the bishop and the ruler Ramirez, This took place
on Easter day.
On the day 6 Ah was completed the i8th year of the
1 8 3 . At this time died Alonzo de Pazon, the day 1 2 Ganel.
In the 13th month of the year, the day of Sanctiago
at Pangan occurred on the day i Tziquin. On that day
the Castilians at Pangan had great rejoicings, because
on that day was inaugurated as supreme monarch over
in Castile the Emperor Don Peliphe. There were then
three rulers, the Prince Ramirez, the Doctor Mercia and
Louaisa. They held court at Panchoy. In the 14th
month of the year, after this day of Sanctiago, there
came an order from Ramirez. He imposed a tribute on
members of the nobility among the people. He also
made provision for the surplusage of the tribute. There
had never been a surplus under the chiefs; it was known
to be stolen, but no one knew by whom. The maize tax
was reduced and that of roast fowls, and none of the
chiefs could steal anything from the surplus. This order
of Ramirez was promulgated on the day of St. Francis,
a Monday, the day 7 Carney. Twenty days after the
promulgation of the order of Ramirez, the Book of the
Doctrina was published, on the day of Saints, a Monday;
but many would not accept the Doctrina, but refused it.
On the day 3 Ah was completed the 19th year of the
third cycle after the revolt.
184. The Alcaldes in the year 1557 were Don Juan
Juarez and Don Francisco Fez.
In the course of the year an incursion was made to
destroy the Lacantuns. It was on the day 5 Ey that the
ruler Ramirez sallied forth as general, and Don Martin
went also as general, twenty days before the close of the
third cycle.
Don Juan Juarez and Francisco Fez Martin were
chosen as Alcaldes, to issue orders. {Note by a later
writer: These were the first Alcaldes, and with them
began the elections.)
On the day 13 Ah was completed the third cycle since
the Revolt was made. The third cycle was completed
in the year 1558.
185. When we were in the eleventh month of the year,
a Fresident Royal arrived, on the day 3 Qat. When he
arrived at Fangan on i Akbal, Don Diego Fez was
inaugurated as chief by the ruler Ramirez.
Six months after the arrival of the Fresident at Fan-
gan, began here again the pestilence which had formerly
raged among the people. It came from a distance. It
was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by
the great God. Many families bowed their heads before
it. The people were seized with a chill and then a fever;
blood issued from the nose ; there was a cough, and the
throat and nose were swollen, both in the lesser and the
greater pestilence. All here were soon attacked. These
maladies began, O my children, on the day of the Circum-
cision, a Monday, and as I was writing, we also were
attacked with the disease.
Diego Ernandez Xahil and Francisco Ernandez Gale!
Bagahol were Alcaldes in the year 1559.
The first year of the fourth cycle since the revolt was
completed on the day 10 Ah.