μῦθοι Mythoi
Motif

Transformation: man to bird. (Cf. B644.)

Magic. · Transformation. · Transformation: man to animal. · Transformation: man to bird. · view the constellation · filed as D150

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On our shelf — the index’s citations, resolved to served chapters
  • GreekThe Library (Bibliotheca), BOOK I, ch. VIIIThompson cites: Fox 15, 16 (Ceyx and Alcyone), 70 (Procne and Philomela), Frazer Apollodorus I 70 n. 1, II 67 n. 6 (Thetis)
The motif on our shelf — written from the served texts; every claim cited  receipt

Grief has its own metamorphosis in this record: when the women who mourned Meleager had wept their fill, they "were turned into birds". The change closes one of the darker Greek tragedies of the hearth. The Fates had come to the seven-day-old Meleager and declared that he should die "when the brand burning on the hearth was burnt out"; his mother Althaea snatched the log from the fire and shut it in a chest, and her son grew into an "invulnerable and gallant man". But after the hunt of the Calydonian boar, when Meleager killed his own uncles in a quarrel over the hide, "Althaea kindled the brand", and "Meleager immediately expired".

The transformation the address is filed under sits at the very end, as the mourning women become birds. James George Frazer (1854–1941), the Scottish anthropologist whose edition of the Library (Bibliotheca) — a Greek mythography compiled in the 1st–2nd century CE — carries the running commentary, adds in his own note that it was Artemis who changed "the sisters of Meleager into birds" with a touch of her rod, and that these were the "meleagrides, guinea-fowl" that still bear the hero's name.

Only the Greek strand is wired to served text today. The authority gathered at this address reaches much further — it names Ceyx and Alcyone, and Procne and Philomela, among the famous changes of human beings into birds — and the wider shelf lists Irish, Icelandic, Finnish, Indian, Chinese and Pacific witnesses besides; but of the two dozen authorities filed here, only this one page of Apollodorus can be read. If the deepest grief is what turns the mourners into birds, is the change a mercy or a sentence?

Witnesses: The Library (Bibliotheca), BOOK I, ch. VIII

In our texts — keyword-matched, unreviewed
Scholars’ trail — 24references

The index’s own references — the collections where scholars sighted this story-shape, tradition by tradition. Titles on our shelf are live links; the rest is the frontier, not yet shelved.

  • Irish*Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 75, 79
  • IcelandicDe la Saussaye 261
  • GreekFox 15, 16 (Ceyx and Alcyone), 70 (Procne and Philomela), Frazer Apollodorus I 70 n. 1, II 67 n. 6 (Thetis) → on our shelf: The Library (Bibliotheca), BOOK I, ch. VIII
  • JewishNeuman
  • FinnishAarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 77**
  • India*Thompson-Balys
  • ChineseGraham, Eberhard FFC CXX 48, 123ff., 125
  • JapaneseIkeda
  • KoreanZong in-Sob 64 No. 35
  • MaoriDixon 79
  • Philippine (Tinguian)Cole 139, 151
  • MarquesasHandy 55, 108
  • HawaiiBeckwith Myth 115
  • TuamotuStimson MS (T-G 3/619)
  • Eskimo (Greenland)Rink 148, 287, 327, Rasmussen II 14
  • N. Am. Indian (Thompson River)Alexander N. Am. 137
  • Africa (Fang)Trilles Proverbes 202, Einstein 52, 55f.
  • general *Types 405, 432, 665
  • general BP II 26ff., 69
  • general Dh II 250 ff., III 406, 429ff.
  • general Hartland Science 247
  • general Chauvin V 87 No. 27
  • general Cosquin Études 516ff., 526ff.
  • general S. Am. Indian (Kiangon): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 47, (Toba): Métraux: MAFLS XL 24, 26
Within the index
11 finer motifs beneath it
Transformation: man to bird – passeriformTransformation: man to bird – falconiformTransformation: man to bird – coraciiformTransformation: man to bird – charadriiformTransformation: man to bird – ciconiiformTransformation: man to cuckooTransformation: man to parrotTransformation: man to bird of anatidae group (duck)Transformation: man to craneTransformation: man to gallinaceous birdTransformation: man to bird – miscellaneous
Travels with
Marriage to person in bird form. (Cf. B602, D150.)Marriage to person in fish formTransformed bird reveals its identity by speaking out. (Cf. D150.)
Keeps company with — shares receipted episodes
Transformation by touching with rodLife bound up with burning brand (torch)
Carried in tale types

wander