μῦθοι Mythoi
Motif
The motif on our shelf — written from the served texts; every claim cited  receipt

When his sledge shatters on the rocks, the old singer must go down among the dead to mend it. At the wedding-feast in Wainola, Wainamoinen sings his way homeward until his magic sledge breaks "into many pieces", its runners torn asunder — and to repair it he needs a tool no living smith can lend. He asks the assembled company whether any among them "will go to Mana's kingdom", "To the empire of Tuoni", "There to get the magic auger" from the master of Manala. None will dare; the answer of the young is the answer of the old, that no hero has courage enough for so reckless a journey to the land of the dead. This is the descent our served witness records, from The Kalevala (Finnish oral tradition; compiled 1835–1849), rune twenty-five.

So the wisdom-singer goes himself. He "Crossed the sable stream of Deathland" to the castles of Manala, "Found the auger of Tuoni", and "Brought the instrument in safety" — and with it sings a whole purple forest into being, birches and mighty oaks, and shapes them anew into shafts and runners. Here Tuonela, the Finnish underworld, is not a place of judgment but a workshop of last resort: the dead hold the one tool the living lack, and the errand is repair, not rescue.

Stith Thompson (1885–1976), the American folklorist whose motif-index gives this address its number, gathers journeys to the lower world from Icelandic, Greek, Indian, Eskimo, and many other shelves, but the Finnish rune is the one wired to served text here today; the rest wait unread. It leaves a plain question: what does it mean that the hero braves the country of the dead not for a soul or a secret, but only to fix a broken sledge?

Witnesses: The Kalevala, Rune XXV

In our texts — keyword-matched, unreviewed
Scholars’ trail — 20references

The index’s own references — the collections where scholars sighted this story-shape, tradition by tradition. Titles on our shelf are live links; the rest is the frontier, not yet shelved.

  • Irish myth*Cross
  • BretonSébillot Incidents s. v. "souterrain"
  • French CanadianBarbeau JAFL XXIX 25
  • FinnishKalevala rune 25 → on our shelf: The Kalevala, Rune XXV
  • GreekGrote I 189
  • Jewish*Neuman
  • IndiaThompson-Balys
  • IndonesianDixon 213 n. 12, 215, De Vries' list No. 161
  • ChineseEberhard FFC CXX 199f.
  • Eskimo (Greenland)Rink 151, Thalbitzer 7, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 241
  • S. Am. Indian (Quiché)Alexander Lat. Am. 170
  • Africa (Zanzibar)Bateman 201 No. 10, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 89 No. 16, (Zulu): Callaway 317f.
  • general *Types 301, 650, BP II 300
  • general *Siuts Jenseitsmotive 50ff.
  • general Wimberly 128
  • general Jacob's list s. v. "Underworld"
  • general Tylor Primitive Culture 4th ed. (1903) II 65. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 321, *Hilda R. Ellis The Road to Hell, a Study in the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature (London, 1943), 170ff., *Boberg
  • general *Fb "underjordiske" III 975b
  • general Gaster Oldest Stories 51, Thespis 183ff., 195
  • general N. Am. Indian (Arikara): Alexander N. Am. 108
Within the index
5 finer motifs beneath it
Physical features of underworld. Note: physical features of underworld of dead (F81) are listed under A671–A679. Some features of the underworld also appear in F130ffDescent to lower world of dead (Hell, Hades)Hell of women in south of otherworldIshtar unveiled. Goddess going to lower world passes through seven gates, at each of which she is divested of a garment till she is entirely unclothedJourney to otherworld to secure bride
Carried in tale types

wander