μῦθοι Mythoi
Motif
The motif on our shelf — written from the served texts; every claim cited  receipt

A boat half-built on a fog-point of the sea, its maker stalled for the want of three words of magic — and so a living man goes down to wrest them from the dead. This is where the record opens the road to the land of the dead, and its served witness is the Kalevala (compiled from Finnish oral tradition, 1835–1849). Wainamoinen, the "eternal wisdom-singer," has sung his vessel nearly whole but finds "three words were wanting" to close its stern and forecastle; no swan or reindeer or squirrel he kills will yield them. So he sets out for "the kingdom of Tuoni" — Tuoni being death itself in the Finnish reckoning, his realm called Tuonela or Manala — pressing week by week through bramble and juniper until its islands and castles rise ahead.

At the black river he calls out, "Bring a boat, Tuoni’s daughter," and the ferry-maid takes him across only after he drops a string of lies and admits why a hale, unburied man has come. The dead keep a working household here. Their hostess pours him beer in which he sees "the spawning of the black-frogs" and writhing adders, and he refuses it; then a wand of slumber lays him on a couch while a crook-fingered fisher strings "a thousand nets of copper" across the water, so the guest can never leave. Wainamoinen escapes only by changing shape, crawling free "like a worm of magic" through the copper mesh.

The rune closes as a warning to the young: the cruel and the false will do penance on "ever-flaming couches" beneath the fire-rock, pillowed with serpents. Only this Finnish telling is wired to served text; the record's Egyptian, Babylonian, and North American authorities for the abode of the dead wait unread. What does this land of the dead guard so fiercely — not gold, but three lost words a living man would risk everything to learn?

Witnesses: The Kalevala, Rune XVI

In our texts — keyword-matched, unreviewed
Scholars’ trail — 12references

The index’s own references — the collections where scholars sighted this story-shape, tradition by tradition. Titles on our shelf are live links; the rest is the frontier, not yet shelved.

  • FinnishKalevala rune 16 → on our shelf: The Kalevala, Rune XVI
  • IndiaThompson-Balys
  • N. Am. Indian*Alexander N. Am. 274 n. 10
  • AfricaWerner African 180ff., (Ekoi): Talbot 7, 59, 226, 240, (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33.
  • general *Types 470, 471
  • general *Köhler-Bolte II 224ff.
  • general *Encyc. Rel. and Ethics II 680ff.
  • general **Wiedeman Die Toten und ihre Reiche im Glauben der alten Ägypten (Leipzig, 1910)
  • general A. Jeremias Hölle und Paradies bei den Babyloniern (Leipzig, 1903)
  • general Dickson 94f. n. 78
  • general Feilberg DF X 1
  • general Herbert Catalogue of Romances III 585
Within the index

Filed under Abode of the dead.

11 finer motifs beneath it
Spain as land of the dead. (Cf. F130.2.)Quarrel of dead and living causes removal of dead to own landLand of dead in lower worldLand of dead across waterAbode of dead in mountainBeautiful land of dead. (Rosengarten)Ghost lives midway between heaven and earthLand of dead in one of the cardinal directionsIcy inferno. (Cf. E481.6.1.)Land of dead in skyKing of world of dead. (Cf. E481.1.1.)
Filed beside it
Abode of animal souls. (Cf. E730.1.)Three worlds of deadMen must enter spirit world armedLand of shades. Everything is done by unseen peopleLand of skullsGlowing beds of dead. Youth in land of dead puts staff into one of the beds. The iron glows and the wood burnsAbode of the dead – miscellaneous
Travels with
Man and wife escape from land of dead upon a vine. (Cf. E481.)
Keeps company with — shares receipted episodes
Tabu: drinkingTransformation to escape from captivityMagic rain. (Cf. D910.)Magic mantle (cloak)Magic head-wearBoat made by magicMagic formula (charm)Magic object renders invisibleMagic calabash renders invisible. (Cf. D965.2.)Descent to lower world of dead (Hell, Hades)River entrance to lower worldDead place net across river to prevent living man from returning to earth. (Cf. F105.)

wander