μῦθοι Mythoi
Motif

Transformation to animal to seduce woman.

Magic. · Transformation. · Miscellaneous transformation incidents. · Reasons for voluntary transformation. · view the constellation · filed as D658.1

ask the rhapsode about this motif →

On our shelf — the index’s citations, resolved to served chapters
  • GreekThe Library (Bibliotheca), BOOK II, ch. VThompson cites: Frazer Apollodorus I 209 n. 2 (Europa), Fox 24, 33, 60, 166, 223
  • Africa (Zulu)Myths & Legends of China, Chapter XIVThompson cites: Callaway 211, (Congo): Weeks 219 No. 14, (Fjort): Dennett 71 No. 15. Cf. Chinese: Werner 363.
The motif on our shelf — written from the served texts; every claim cited  receipt

The shape a god borrows to win a woman is the beast — most famously the great bull that carried a princess out to sea. The clean form of this motif is the god who puts on an animal's body for the sake of seduction, and on our shelf it survives chiefly as a single, glancing identification. In Apollodorus's Library (a Greek mythography compiled in the 1st–2nd century CE), when the "seventh labour he enjoined on him" sends Hercules to "bring the Cretan Bull", the mythographer pauses over which bull this was: Acusilaus, he reports, said it was "the bull that ferried across Europa for Zeus". That half-line is the whole of it here — the swimming bull is named, but the courtship of Europa is left folded shut, a story the text gestures toward without telling.

Stith Thompson (1885–1976), the American folklorist whose motif-index gives this shape its number, filed the transformation-to-seduce widely — Irish and Hindu, Iroquois and Zulu and Congolese, with the Greek Europa at its head and a Chinese analogue set apart under Cf. That Chinese thread is the one other witness wired to served text, in Myths & Legends of China (published 1922), though it bends the motif toward trickery rather than love: the monkey-hero Sun, seeking a magic fan, "changed into the Ox-demon's shape" and came to the demon's wife, who, "thinking he was the Ox-demon, gladly received" him and gave up the fan. It is a shape borrowed to enter a woman's confidence — kin to the motif, but the borrowed form is a husband's, not a beast's, and the prize is a talisman, not the woman.

So the shelf is thin here: only the Greek half-line and the Chinese impersonation are tied to served text, while the fuller Europa narrative and Thompson's other authorities wait unread. Still, the pointing finger is eloquent. Why should so many traditions have imagined desire as the moment a god stops wearing his own face?

Witnesses: The Library (Bibliotheca), BOOK II, ch. V · Myths & Legends of China, Chapter XIV

Scholars’ trail — 6references

The index’s own references — the collections where scholars sighted this story-shape, tradition by tradition. Titles on our shelf are live links; the rest is the frontier, not yet shelved.

Within the index

Filed under Transformation to seduce.

Filed beside it
Transformation to husband's (lover's) form to seduce womanTransformation of sex to seduce[First Edition: D658.4. Cow transformed to woman to marry man and protect cattle.]
Keeps company with — shares receipted episodes
Hound of hell. Cerberus (monstrous dog) guards the bridge to the lower worldTwo-headed dogHydra: nine-headed monster. Middle head immortalMan-eating maresCentaur: man-horse. Trunk and head of man, body of horseHind with golden hornsMagic goblet (glass)Transportation by magic goblet. (Cf. D1171.6.2.)Immortality exchanged. Wounded Centaur immortal but cannot be cured. He gives away his immortality to Prometheus and is thus allowed to diePerson with three bodies. Body of three men grown together in one at waist but parted in three from flanks and thighsTasks imposed. A person's prowess is tested by assigning him certain tasks (usually impossible or extremely difficult) to be performed either to escape punishment or to receive a valuable rewardTask: cleaning Augean stable. Stable has not been cleaned in years. Must be done in one night. River turned through it

wander